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Histo II > GI Histo I > Flashcards

GI Histo I Flashcards

1
Q

tongue: skeletal muscle is covered with what kind of membrane

A

mucous

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2
Q

elevations of oral epithelium on the dorsal surface called

A

papilla

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3
Q

taste buds are found on ____ of the papilla

A

some

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4
Q

papillae types: no taste buds, conical in appearance; increase friction between tongue and food and is keratinized. FOUND ALL OVER TONGUE

A

filiform papillae (dorsal fins of a shark)

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5
Q

papillae types: have some taste buds; FOUND AT MARGINS OF TONGUE

A

fungiform papillae (surrounding it are filiform papillae)

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6
Q

papillae types: found on the posterior aspect of the tongue, have Ebner’s glands and many taste buds

A

(circum) vallate papillae (mushrooms that have tilted over)

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7
Q

papillae types: poorly developed in humans and have many taste buds

A

foliate papillae

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8
Q

structures containing taste cells; onion shaped with microvilli, rest in the basal lamina

A

taste bud

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9
Q

how many teeth in adult mouth

A

32 permanent

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10
Q

teeth are divided into 2 parts

A
  1. crown - above gum

2. root - below gingiva; keeps tooth in alveolar socket

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11
Q

what are the 5 components of teeth

A
  1. enamel
  2. cementum
  3. dentin
  4. pulp
  5. periodontium
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12
Q

surrounds the crown and is produced by AMELOBLAST cells (hardest substance in the body)

A

enamel

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13
Q

surrounds the root and is produced by CEMENTOBLASTS

A

cementum

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14
Q

deeper than both enamel and cementum and is produced by ODONTOBLASTS

A

dentin

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15
Q

highly vascularized and innervated. PAIN SENSITIVE (lowest part is where root canal is performed)

A

pulp

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16
Q

part that keeps tooth in the socket

A

periodontium

  1. alveoli bone
  2. periodontal ligament
  3. cementum
  4. gingiva
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17
Q

alimentary canal: 4 layers

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa
  4. serosa/adventitia
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18
Q

alimentary canal: blood vessels, lymphoid tissue and meissner’s plexus

A

submucosa

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19
Q

alimentary canal: smooth muscle layers which function in peristalsis (inner- circular, outer - longitudinal) and auerbach’s (myenteric plexus)

A

muscularis externa

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20
Q

controls motility of the mucosal layer and secretions from the glands (post gang p/s)

A

Meissner’s plexus

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21
Q

controls motility of the smooth muscle wall and also has post gang p/s

A

auerbach’s myenteric plexus

22
Q

alimentary canal: outermost layer - with connective tissue only called ____

A

serosa/adventitia

adventitia

23
Q

what are the 4 walls of the esophagus

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa
  4. adventitia/serosa
24
Q

esophagus: stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratin)

A

mucosa

25
Q

esophagus: has submucosal glands called esophageal glands proper

A

submucosa

26
Q

esophagus: upper 1/3 vs lower 1/3

A

muscularis externa
upper : skeletal
lower : smooth

27
Q

what are the 4 anatomic regions of the stomach

A
  1. cardia
  2. fundus
  3. body
  4. pylorus
28
Q

the ___ and ___ are identical histologically in the stomach

A

body and fundus

29
Q

what are the 3 different glands observed in the stomach

A
  1. cardiac
  2. gastric (fundic/body)
  3. pyloric
30
Q

the muscularis externa of the stomach has 3 layers

A
  1. internal oblique
  2. middle circular
  3. outer longitudinal smooth
31
Q

gastric gland: shallow crypts with coiled bases

A

cardiac glands

32
Q

gastric gland: long and tubular with 3 distinct regions: isthmus, neck and base

A

gastric (fundic) glands

33
Q

gastric gland - fundic gland region: parietal cells, chief cells and enteroendocrine cells which secrete serotonin here

A

base

34
Q

what are the 5 different cells of the fundus

A
  1. undifferentiated cells
  2. mucous neck cells
  3. parietal cells
  4. chief cells
  5. enteroendocrine cells
35
Q

fundus: neck of gland, oval basal nuclei, distinct nucleolus, mitotic, stem cells, surface cells survive 3-7 days

A

undifferentiated cells

36
Q

fundus: basal irregular nuclei, mucous granules

A

mucous neck cells

37
Q

fundus: found in the upper half of glands, many mitochondria, eosinophilic staining

A

parietal cells

- produce HCL

38
Q

fundus: mostly at base of glands, basophilic ribosomes

A

chief cells

- produces pepsinogen and lipase

39
Q

fundus: secrete serotonin and found at the base of glands

A

enteroendocrine cells

40
Q

what 3 cells are seen in the pyloric glands

A
  1. mucous cells
  2. gastrin cells
  3. D cells
41
Q

pyloric: secrete lysozyme - pale staining and most plentiful

A

mucous cells

42
Q

pyloric: found at the base of the base of the which secretes gastrin

A

gastrin cells

- gastrin leads to increase HCL output

43
Q

pyloric: secrete somatostatin which inhibits gastrin secretion

A

D cells

44
Q

the crypts of the small intestine have what 6 cells

A
  1. stem cells
  2. absorptive cells
  3. goblet cells
  4. paneth cells
  5. membranous epithelial cells (peyer’s patches)
  6. endocrine hormone cells
45
Q

small intestine: in the submucosa of the duodenum that secrete alkaline substance to help neutralize the acidic pH from the stomach

A

brunner’s glands (duodenal glands)

46
Q

small intestine: mucosa and submucosa fold into

A

plicae circularis or valves (folds) of Kerckring

47
Q

small intestine: lymphatic channel that absorbs dietary fats in the villi

A

lacteal

48
Q

which cell of the SI will you see with micovilli

A

absorptive cells

- apical surface in brush border

49
Q

which cell of the SI is

  • few in duodenum, many in ileum
  • produce acid mucous to protect and lubricate epithelum
A

goblet cells

50
Q

which cell of the SI is on the basal area of the gland and is an exocrine serous cell

A

paneth cells

51
Q

function of SI cells: basophilic cytoplasm, eosinophilic granules containing _____

A

lysozyme

52
Q

cells of the SI that have hormones such as: gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, motilin, etc.

A

enteroendocrine cell (APUD cell or DNES cell)

Histo II (8 decks)

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