Female Reproductive

Question 1

what features are within the vulva

Answer 1

1. labia majora
2. labia minora
3. clitoris
4. bartholin’s gland (vestibular glands)

Question 2

paired almond-shaped organs found lateral to the uterus in the true pelvis

Answer 2

ovary

Question 3

ovaries are suspended posterior of the _______ and by the ______ to the uterus

Answer 3

broad ligament

proper ovarial ligament

Question 4

what 2 functions does the ovaries have

Answer 4

1. produce haploid (1n) gamete - ovum

2. produce steroid hormones

Question 5

what steroid hormones does the ovary produce

Answer 5

1. estrogen
2. progesterone
3. androgens

Question 6

what are the 4 regions of the ovary

Answer 6

1. germinal epithelium
2. tunica albuginea
3. cortical region
4. medullary region

Question 7

ovary: has no germ cells
- most external layer
- majority of ovarina neoplastic growth (cancer)

Answer 7

germinal epithelium

Question 8

ovary: deep to germinal epithelium and has whitish, dense CT appearance

Answer 8

tunica albuginea

Question 9

ovary: oocytes predominate within the STROMA

Answer 9

cortical region

Question 10

ovary: vasculature and loose CT in this area: contains small groupings of cells that may produce androgens

Answer 10

medullary region

Question 11

process where diploid (2n) oogonium is converted to a haploid (1n) ovum

Answer 11

oogenesis

Question 12

(fetal) present after 3rd month of development; undergo mitosis to produce more oocytes

Answer 12

oogonia (2n)

Question 13

oogonium/oocyte surrounded by simple squamous follicle cell layer

Answer 13

primordial follicle (2n)

Question 14

growing, postpubescent primordial oocyte with a cuboidal follicle cell layer arrested in diplotene stage of meiosis I

Answer 14

primary follicle (2n)

Question 15

what are the two stages of the primary follicle

Answer 15

1. unilaminar primary follicle

2. multilaminar primary follicle

Question 16

primary follicle: oocyte with simple cuboidal layer; no antrum

Answer 16

unilaminar

Question 17

primary follicle: multiple follicular cell layers

Answer 17

multilaminar

Question 18

secondary oocyte surrounded by a well developed stratum granulosum

Answer 18

secondary follicle (N)

Question 19

secondary follicle (N) is stimulated by

Answer 19

FSH

Question 20

what 3 layers does the secondary follicle consist of

Answer 20

1. antral cavity filled with liquor folliculi
2. theca folliculi
   - theca interna: produce androstenedione -> estrogen
3. granulosa (follicular) layer

Question 21

secondary oocyte which has matured to preovulatory status. largest of the follicles and found extending through cortex

Answer 21

mature (graafian follicle)

Question 22

mature (graafian follicle) consists of

Answer 22

1. cumulus oophorus

2. corona radiata

Question 23

mature (graafian follicle): thickened stratum granulosum which has formed a suspending “cloud: for the secondary oocyte

Answer 23

cumulus oophorus

Question 24

mature (graafian follicle): cells from the cumulus oophorus that immediately surround the oocyte

Answer 24

corona radiata

Question 25

fertilized secondary oocyte that has completed the secondary meiotic division and has formed also, a 2nd polar body

Answer 25

ovum (N)

Question 26

occurs around day 14 of a 28 cycle; stimulated by LH

Answer 26

ovulation

Question 27

temporary endocrine glandL sustained for 10-12 days if fertilization does not occur

Answer 27

corpus luteum

Question 28

what is the corpus luteum composed of

Answer 28

1. granulosa lutein cells | 2. theca lutein cells

Question 29

corpus luteum: enlarged granulosa cells which form the stroma and secrete progesterone

Answer 29

granulosa lutein cells

Question 30

corpus luteum: small, dark staining cells which secrete estrogen

Answer 30

theca lutein cells

Question 31

dense CT remnant of corpus luteum that is white in appearance

Answer 31

corpus albicans

Question 32

degenerated follicles at different stages: some thecal cells may remain and become interstitial cells in cortex which secretes androgens

Answer 32

atretic follicle

Question 33

what 3 layers make up the uterine (fallopian) tube

Answer 33

1. mucosa 2. muscularis 3. serosa

Question 34

uterine (fallopian) tubes: simple columnar ciliated epithelium peg (non-cilated) - secretory cell that aids ovum movement towards uterus

Answer 34

mucosa

Question 35

what are the 3 uterine wall layers

Answer 35

1. endometrium 2. myometrium 3. adventitia/serosa

Question 36

uterus wall: 2 zones 1. functional layer (stratum functionale) - coiled arteries 2. basal layer (stratum basale) - straight arteries

Answer 36

endometrium

Question 37

estrogen and progesterone from ovary stimulate changes in the endometrium

Answer 37

menstrual cycle

Question 38

what are the main phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 38

1. menstrual phase 1-4 2. proliferative phase (follicular) 5-14 3. ovulation - day 14 4. secretory phase (luteal) 15-28

Question 39

phase stimulated by estrogen produced by theca cells of ovarian folicle

Answer 39

proliferative phase (follicular)

Question 40

phase where corpus luteum forms and produces progesterone

Answer 40

secretory phase (luteal)

Question 41

during this phase the progesterone and estrogen levels decrease

Answer 41

menstrual phase

Question 42

cervix: part found in the uterus, lined by mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

Answer 42

endocervix

Question 43

cervix: part of cervix in upper vagina, has stratified squamous nonkeratinized epith.

Answer 43

ectocervix

Question 44

cervical mucosa has mucous glands called _____ which become cystic

Answer 44

nabothian glands

Question 45

15-25 lobes of compound tubuloacinar glands that are very similar to apocrine sweat glands

Answer 45

mammary glands