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Fund Final > Urinary Elimination - Nursing Fun Ch 27 > Flashcards

Urinary Elimination - Nursing Fun Ch 27 Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the kidneys is to

A

remove waste from the blood to form urine

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2
Q

The function of the ureters is to

A

transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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3
Q

The function of the bladder is to

A

Serve as a reservoir for urine until the urge to urinate develops

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4
Q

The function of the urethra is to

A

transport urine from the bladder to the urethral meatus and exit the body.

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5
Q

Additional functions of the kidneys are

A
  • production of erythropoietin (essential for maintaining RBC volume)
  • Production of renin, prostaglandin E2, and prostacyclin affecting blood pressure
  • Kidneys affect calcium and phosphate regulation
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6
Q

What does renin do?

A

starts a chain reaction that causes water retention, thereby increasing blood volume

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7
Q

What does prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin do?

A

aids vasodilation

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8
Q

Normal urination patterns are

A

60 mL per hour or 1500 mL per day
range 1000-2000 mL
if less than 30 mL then get Trina/intervene

Most people void 5-6 times per day

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9
Q

Specific gravity is the best indicator for …

A

hydration

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10
Q

Developmental factors of newborns and children r/t urination

A

newborns produces between 15 and 60 mL/kg and may urinate up to 25 times per day for the first 24 hrs gradually declining to 8-10 diapers per day
their normal sp. gravity is 1.008

Toilet training varies but is usually accomplished between 3 and 5 years
Bedwetting should not be concerning until after age 6

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11
Q

Developmental factors of the elderly r/t urination

A

kidney fx decreases with age
filtration rate declines and dilution and concentration of urine is impaired
Risks for drug toxicity, acid-base and electrolyte balances
Bladder volume decreases
Increases frequency of urination

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12
Q

Name examples of personal, sociocultural, and environmental factors r/t urination

A

Lack of time
Lack of privacy
Loss of dignity
Cultural differences

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13
Q

Name some substances that can increase urine production

A

coffee, tea, cola, chocolate and other caffeine laden products
alcohol (impairs production of ADH)

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14
Q

Name substances/activities that can decrease urine production

A

high salt diet
Dehydration
Exercise - causing temporary dehydration

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15
Q

How do medications affect urination?

A

Depends on the med
Diuretics increase elimination
Some medications cause urinary retention
Some cause damage to kidneys (nephrotoxic)

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16
Q

What are steps for a clean-catch urine specimen for a female patient?

A
  • Assist the patient to the appropriate facility if needed
  • Open the prepackaged kit and remove contents
  • Wash your hands and don clean procedure gloves
  • Have the patient spread her legs and wash the perineal area with warm water and mild soap
  • Open the antiseptic towelette in the kit or pour antiseptic solution over cotton balls.
  • With one hand, spread the labia; with the other, cleanse the perineal area front to back making sure to cleanse the urinary meatus.
  • Clean the perineal area at least twice, use a new cotton ball each time
  • Remove gloves, wash hands, don a second pair of gloves for the procedure
  • Put the patient into a semi-Fowler’s position
  • Open the sterile specimen without touching the inside of the lid or container
  • Hold the container near the meatus
  • instruct the patient to begin voiding
  • Allow a small stream to pass, then place the container into the stream and collect between 30-60 mL
  • Remove the container from the stream and allow the patient to finish voiding
  • Carefully replace the container lid and clean the outside of the container
  • Label the container and place in carrier for transport
  • Remove gloves and wash your hands
  • Assist the patient back to bed
  • Transport the specimen to the lab
17
Q

What are the steps for a clean-catch urine specimen for a male patient?

A
  • Assist the patient to the appropriate facility if needed
  • Open the prepackaged kit and remove contents
  • Wash your hands and don clean procedure gloves
  • If the penis is uncircumcised, retract the foreskin
  • Open the antiseptic towelette in the kit or pour antiseptic solution over cotton balls.
  • With one hand grasp the penis, with the other hand, cleanse the meatus in a circular motion outwards and a few inches down the penis
  • Remove gloves, wash hands, don a second pair of gloves for the procedure
  • Put the patient into a semi-Fowler’s position
  • Open the sterile specimen without touching the inside of the lid or container
  • Hold the container near the meatus
  • instruct the patient to begin voiding
  • Allow a small stream to pass, then place the container into the stream and collect between 30-60 mL
  • Remove the container from the stream and allow the patient to finish voiding
  • Carefully replace the container lid and clean the outside of the container
  • Label the container and place in carrier for transport
  • Remove gloves and wash your hands
  • Assist the patient back to bed
  • Transport the specimen to the lab
18
Q

What are the steps to obtaining a sterile urine specimen

A
  • Empty the drainage tube of urine
  • Clamp the drainage tube below the level of the specimen port for 15-30 minutes
  • Don clean gloves and swab the specimen port with an antiseptic swab
  • Insert the needle into the specimen port and withdraw the sample
  • Transfer the specimen into a sterile specimen container
  • Discard the needle and syringe into the sharps container
  • Tightly cap the specimen container
  • Remove the clamp from the catheter
  • Label and package the specimen
  • Transport to the lab
19
Q

What is ARF, acute renal failure?

A

an acute rise in the serum creatinine level of 25% or more.

20
Q

What is anuria?

A

the absence of urine

less than 100mL in 24 hours

21
Q

What is Dysuria?

A

Painful or difficult urination

22
Q

What is end-stage renal disease, ESRD?

A

A permanent rise in serum creatinine levels associated with loss of kidney function that must be treated with dialysis or transplantation

23
Q

What is Frequency?

A

The need to urinate at short intervals

24
Q

What is hematuria?

A

blood in the urine

25
Q

What is Oliguria?

A

Urine output less than 400mL in 24 hours

26
Q

What is Nephropathy?

A

disease of the kidney

27
Q

What is Nephrotoxic?

A

A substance that damages kidney tissue

28
Q

What is Nocturia?

A

Frequent urination after going to bed

29
Q

What is Polynuria?

A

Excessive urination

30
Q

What is Proteinuria?

A

The presence of protein in the urine

31
Q

What is Pyuria?

A

Pus in the urine

32
Q

What is urgency?

A

A sudden, almost uncontrollable need to urinate

Fund Final (24 decks)

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