Urinary Elimination

Question 1

When do most children start toilet training?

Answer 1

18 to 24 months of age

Question 2

Enuresis

Answer 2

Nighttime bedwetting (up to 6 years of age)

Question 3

Nocturia

Answer 3

Urination during the night

Question 4

Urinary calculi

Answer 4

Kidney stones

Question 5

Nephrotoxic

Answer 5

Capable of causing kidney damage

Aspirin, ibuprofen (if abused) can causes nephrotoxicity
Antibiotics like gentamicin

Question 6

Hematuria

Answer 6

Blood in the urine

Question 7

What color can diuretics color urine?

Answer 7

Pale yellow

Question 8

Phenazopyridine

Answer 8

Urinary tract analgesic
Can cause orange/orange-red urine

i.e. AZO tablets

Question 9

What medication can turn urine green/blue-green?

Answer 9

Antidepressant amitriptyline or b-complex vitamins

Question 10

Levodopa (L-dopa)

Answer 10

Anti-parkinson drug or injectable iron compounds

Brown/black urine

Question 11

Anuria

Answer 11

24-hour urine output <50 mL

Question 12

Dysuria

Answer 12

Painful or difficult urination

Question 13

Glycosuria

Answer 13

Presence of glucose in the urine

Question 14

Oliguria

Answer 14

24-hour urine output is <400 mL

Question 15

Polyuria

Answer 15

Excessive output of urine (diuresis)

Question 16

Proteinuria

Answer 16

Protein in the urine

Question 17

Pyuria

Answer 17

Pus in the urine

Question 18

Pelvic floor muscle training

Answer 18

Kegel exercises

Question 19

PICOT - “P”

Answer 19

Patient population of interest

i.e. age, gender, disease, etc

Question 20

PICOT - “I”

Answer 20

Intervention of interest

i.e. treatment, test, etc

Question 21

PICOT - “C”

Answer 21

Comparison of interest

typical standard of care compared to your plan of care

Question 22

PICOT - “O”

Answer 22

Outcome

desired result of the nursing intervention

Question 23

PICOT - “T”

Answer 23

Time

amount of time required

Question 24

Factors affecting urinary elimination

Answer 24

Age, pregnancy, diet, immobility, pain, surgery, medications

Question 25

Ureterostomy

Answer 25

One or both ureters are connected to the abdominal wall

Question 26

Nephrostomy

Answer 26

A tube from the renal pelvis is connected to the abdominal wall by a stoma

Question 27

Stress incontinence

Answer 27

Involuntary loss of urine related to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure

Commonly occurs during coughing, sneezing, laughing

Question 28

What is the second most common type of infection in the body?

Answer 28

UTIs

Question 29

What bacteria is the most common for UTIs?

Answer 29

Escherichia coli

Question 30

Pyelonephritis

Answer 30

Inflammation of the substance of the kidneys
Upper urinary tract
Kidneys & ureters

Question 31

Cystitis

Answer 31

Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Bladder & urethra
Lower urinary tract

Question 32

Mixed incontinence

Answer 32

Urine loss with features of two or more types of incontinence

Question 33

Overflow incontinence

Answer 33

Involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder
Signal to empty bladder can be under active/absent
Dribbling occurs

Question 34

Functional incontinence

Answer 34

Urine loss caused by the inability to reach the toilet because of environmental barriers, physical limitations, loss of memory, or disorientation

Question 35

Reflex incontinence

Answer 35

Experience emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the need to void

Question 36

Total incontinence

Answer 36

Continuous/unpredictable loss or urine, resulting from surgery, trauma, or physical malformation

Question 37

Postvoid residual (PVR)

Answer 37

The amount of urine remaining in the bladder immediately after voiding

Question 38

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD)

Answer 38

Prolonged contact of the skin with urine or feces that lead to a form of moisture-associated skin damage