Urinary Elimination Flashcards
When do most children start toilet training?
18 to 24 months of age
Enuresis
Nighttime bedwetting (up to 6 years of age)
Nocturia
Urination during the night
Urinary calculi
Kidney stones
Nephrotoxic
Capable of causing kidney damage
Aspirin, ibuprofen (if abused) can causes nephrotoxicity
Antibiotics like gentamicin
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
What color can diuretics color urine?
Pale yellow
Phenazopyridine
Urinary tract analgesic
Can cause orange/orange-red urine
i.e. AZO tablets
What medication can turn urine green/blue-green?
Antidepressant amitriptyline or b-complex vitamins
Levodopa (L-dopa)
Anti-parkinson drug or injectable iron compounds
Brown/black urine
Anuria
24-hour urine output <50 mL
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
Glycosuria
Presence of glucose in the urine
Oliguria
24-hour urine output is <400 mL
Polyuria
Excessive output of urine (diuresis)
Proteinuria
Protein in the urine
Pyuria
Pus in the urine
Pelvic floor muscle training
Kegel exercises
PICOT - “P”
Patient population of interest
i.e. age, gender, disease, etc
PICOT - “I”
Intervention of interest
i.e. treatment, test, etc
PICOT - “C”
Comparison of interest
typical standard of care compared to your plan of care
PICOT - “O”
Outcome
desired result of the nursing intervention
PICOT - “T”
Time
amount of time required
Factors affecting urinary elimination
Age, pregnancy, diet, immobility, pain, surgery, medications
Ureterostomy
One or both ureters are connected to the abdominal wall
Nephrostomy
A tube from the renal pelvis is connected to the abdominal wall by a stoma
Stress incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine related to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure
Commonly occurs during coughing, sneezing, laughing
What is the second most common type of infection in the body?
UTIs
What bacteria is the most common for UTIs?
Escherichia coli
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the substance of the kidneys
Upper urinary tract
Kidneys & ureters
Cystitis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Bladder & urethra
Lower urinary tract
Mixed incontinence
Urine loss with features of two or more types of incontinence
Overflow incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder
Signal to empty bladder can be under active/absent
Dribbling occurs
Functional incontinence
Urine loss caused by the inability to reach the toilet because of environmental barriers, physical limitations, loss of memory, or disorientation
Reflex incontinence
Experience emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the need to void
Total incontinence
Continuous/unpredictable loss or urine, resulting from surgery, trauma, or physical malformation
Postvoid residual (PVR)
The amount of urine remaining in the bladder immediately after voiding
Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD)
Prolonged contact of the skin with urine or feces that lead to a form of moisture-associated skin damage
