Rest & Sleep

Question 1

Sleep pattern of newborn

Answer 1

Average amount of sleep is 16 hours daily

Question 2

Sleep pattern of infant

Answer 2

Average of 12-15 hours daily

Question 3

Sleep pattern of preschoolers

Answer 3

Average amount 11-13 hours

Question 4

Sleep pattern of school-aged children

Answer 4

Average 10-12 hours

Question 5

Sleep pattern of teenagers

Answer 5

Average 8-10 hours

Question 6

Sleep pattern of young adults

Answer 6

Average 7-9 hours

Question 7

Sleep pattern of older adults

Answer 7

Average 7-8 hours

Question 8

Stages of NREM

Answer 8

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4

Question 9

Stage 1 NREM

Answer 9

5% of cycle
Transitioning between awake and sleep, relaxed but still somewhat aware, involuntary muscle jerking may occur and wake, normally only minutes, can be aroused easily

Question 10

Stage 2 NREM

Answer 10

50-55%

Falls asleep, can be aroused with relative ease

Question 11

Stage 3 NREM

Answer 11

10%

Depth of sleep increases and arousal more difficult

Question 12

Stage 4 NREM

Answer 12

10%
Greatest depth of sleep, delta sleep, arousal most difficult
Slow brain waves on EEG, pulse RR BP decreased, muscles relax, metabolism slows, low body temp.

Question 13

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

Answer 13

20-25%
Enters from stage 2 of NREM; arousal from sleep difficult
Small muscle twitching
BP, pulse, RR, metabolism rate, body temp increase
Irregular RR
Rapid/irregular pulse
Gastric secretions increase
Skeletal muscle tone & deep tendon reflexes decrease

Question 14

Sleep cycle

Answer 14

We usually go through 4-5 cycles of the 4 stages each night

Question 15

Sleep cycle stages

Answer 15

Awake > NREM 1 > NREM 2 > NREM 3 > NREM 4 > NREM 3 > NREM 2 > REM > NREM 2 > NREM 3

Each cycle is ~90-100 mins
More deep sleep in NREM 3, 4 in first half of night

Question 16

Insomnia

Answer 16

Difficult falling asleep, intermittent sleep
30-35%

Chronic is at least 3x a week for 3 mos

Question 17

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Answer 17

Throat muscles intermittently relax and block the airway during sleep
>15 reps events in an hour

CPAP machine used as Tx

Question 18

Hypersomnolence

Answer 18

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Question 19

Narcolepsy

Answer 19

Excessive daytime sleepiness and frequent overwhelming urge to sleep or inadvertent daytime lapses into sleep

Question 20

Parasomnia

Answer 20

Patterns of waking behavior that appear during REM or NREM

Most common in kids

Question 21

Somnambulism

Answer 21

Sleepwalking

Question 22

REM sleep behavior disorder

Answer 22

Acting out dreams while asleep

Question 23

Sleep terrors

Answer 23

Wake up screaming

Question 24

Restless legs syndrome

Answer 24

Cannot lie still and report unpleasant creeping tingling sensation in legs
Tx = mild analgesic, heat/cold, relaxation techniques

No caffeine, alcohol