Urinary Diseases Flashcards
What is the aetiology of chronic renal failure?
-idiopathic
-renal tissue deterioration in geriatric cats
-previous acute renal damage
-kidney disease or chronic infections
-concurrent conditions
What is the pathophysiology of chronic renal disease?
-the kidney is unable to filter nitrogenous waste from the blood leading to uraemia
-deterioration in renal function causes pH and electrolyte imbalance
-reduced production of erythropoietin leads to reduced erythrocyte formation in the bone marrow
What are the clinical signs of chronic renal failure?
-polyuria and polydipsia
-vomiting
-dehydration
-inappetence and anorexia
-depression
-oral ulcers
-seizures
-end stage may be anuric
Why does chronic renal failure cause vomiting?
As toxins build up in the blood stream
How can chronic renal failure be diagnosed?
-history and clinical signs
-physical examination
-urine testing
-blood testing
-blood pressure
-radiography and ultrasound
Why is urine testing a diagnostic technique for chronic renal failure?
-less then 1.035 is suggestive
-used to identify loss of concentrating ability
-specific gravity, protein levels or presence of blood
-quick and easy to read
-in house test
Why is blood testing a diagnostic technique for chronic renal failure?
-look for elevated levels or urea and creatinine in plasma
-check electrolytes, phosphate levels used in prognosis
What is the aetiology of feline lower urinary tract disease?
-idiopathic cystitis
-crystals
-infection
-stress in multi cat households
What is the pathophysiology of feline lower urinary tract disease?
-irritation or inflammation of the bladder wall
-uroliths or urethral plugs may cause urinary obstruction
-trauma/iatrogenic damage may result in bladder wall dysfunction or rupture to urinary tract
-inability to void urine leads to azotaemia
What are the clinical signs of feline lower urinary tract disease?
-blockages can cause anuria or oliguria
-incontinence
-abnormal urinary, varying frequency
-licking
-depression
-vomiting and dehydration
-anorexia
How is feline lower urinary tract disease diagnosed?
-history and clinical signs
-physical examination
-observation of urine
-urinalysis
-radiography or ultrasound
Why is polyuria and polydipsia seen in renal failure?
-kidneys are not functioning effectively
-unable to concentrate urine properly
Why is weight loss seen in renal failure?
-due to protein being unable to absorbed by the kidneys
-unwillingness to eat due to pain
Why is urinalysis used to diagnose FLUTD?
-to view and identify an crystals or sediment within the urine
-visual observation of colour and udour
-quick and easy and cheap
-done in house
Why is ultrasound used to diagnose FLUTD?
-to view bladder and urethra to help identify any crystals or sediment, inflammation, or thickening of bladder wall
-performed in house
-non invasive
Why does FLUTD cause haematuria?
-due to irritation of bladder wall
-due to presence of stones
Why does FLUTD cause licking of perineum?
-due to blockage which will cause pain and discomfort, licks to try and relief
Why does FLUTD cause depression or inappetence?
-due to pain
-due to pain
-azotaemia
