Musculoskeletal & Reproductive Diseases

Question 1

Osteoarthritis aetiology?

Answer 1

May develop as result of underlying deformity or trauma

Development may be due to abnormal wear on joint surfaces

Question 2

Osteoarthritis pathophysiology?

Answer 2

Characterised by degeneration of articulation cartilage often associated with the formation of new bone and joint surfaces

Can be primary disease of joint cartilage or secondary to abnormal stresses on joints

Question 3

What type of onset can osteoarthritis have?

Answer 3

Gradual

Or may occur acutely

Question 4

Osteoarthritis clinical signs?

Answer 4

Stiffness
Lameness
Reluctant to jump
Reduced range of movement of joint
Swelling
Alteration to gait
Muscle atrophy to affected limb
Appetite, personality or behaviour affect

Question 5

Osteoarthritis diagnosis?

Answer 5

History and examination

Radiography

Arthroscopy

CT or MRI

Synovial fluid analysis

Question 6

Pyometra aetiology?

Answer 6

Bacterial infection of the uterus

Common in unspayed older bitches

Question 7

Pyometra pathophysiology?

Answer 7

Cystic changes in the uterus and bacterial infection occurring during the oestrus phase

Open cervix allows entry of bacteria into the uterus

Large accumulator of our due to immune response of phagocytes

Question 8

What can enter the bloodstream as a result of Pyometras?

Answer 8

Bacterial toxins

Question 9

Pyometra clinical signs?

Answer 9

Vomiting
Pyrexia
Anorexia
Depression
Vaginal discharge
Distended abdomen
Polydipsic and polyuric

Question 10

Pyometra diagnosis?

Answer 10

History and clinical signs
(6-8wks post season)

Radiograph of abdomen to look for enlarged uterus

Ultrasound to confirm presence of distended uterus and fluid or pus

Bloods, haematology as Leucocyte count may indicate infection