Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
Laryngeal paralysis aetiology?
-most cases are idiopathic
-some may be due to nerve damage due to trauma or neoplasia or iatrogenic
-more common in larger dogs mid to old age
Laryngeal paralysis pathophysiology?
-damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve that supply the muscles of the larynx that move the vocal cords
-this leads to functional failure of the vocal folds to open fully during inspiration
Why does inspiration become difficult in laryngeal paralysis?
As the vocal folds remain in a closed position leading to dyspnoea
Laryngeal paralysis clinical signs?
-Slow onset of the disease
-May present in hot weather or after exertion
-cough
-increased respiratory noise
-exercise intolerance
-problems swallowing food or water
Laryngeal paralysis diagnosis?
Clinical signs
Findings on neurological exam
Examination of larynx under sedation to visualise vocal folds during inspiration
Blood run to rule out other conditions
Tracheal collapse aetiology?
Exact cause is unclear
Combination of genetic, nutritional or allergy triggers
Tracheal collapse pathophysiology?
-incomplete formation or weakening of c-shaped tracheal cartilages lead to inability to maintain patency of trachea
What happens during inspiration during tracheal collapse?
The cervical portion of the trachea collapses leading to airway obstruction
What happens during inspiration during tracheal collapse?
The cervical portion of the trachea collapses leading to airway obstruction
What happens during expiration during tracheal collapse?
The thoracic portion of the trachea collapses
Tracheal collapse clinical signs?
Couch at exercise or when excited
Progressive signs include respiratory distress
Tracheal collapse diagnosis?
Endoscopy of trachea
Fluoroscopy, video x-ray in real time
Chest radiography, less reliable
