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YR2 SA CONDITIONS/DISEASES > Neurological & Neoplasia Conditions > Flashcards

Neurological & Neoplasia Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of intracranial seizures?

A

Within brain

Tumours
Trauma
Infection
Heatstroke
Idiopathic epilepsy

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2
Q

What are causes of extracranial seizures?

A

Elsewhere in body

Anaemia
Poisoning
Medications
Hypoxia
Hypoglycaemia

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3
Q

Epilepsy aetiology?

A

Idiopathic is most common
Genetic link is suspected

Neurological condition arising from disruption of forebrain function

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4
Q

Epilepsy pathophysiology?

A

Disordered electrical activity of the brain cells, imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory signals

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5
Q

What are the 3 phases of an epilepsy seizure?

A

Pre-ictal

Ictal

Post-ictal

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6
Q

What is prolonged seizure?

A

More than 5 mins

Status epilepticus

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7
Q

Pre-ictal epilepsy seizure clinical signs?

A

Uneasy feeling
Altered behaviour pattern
Anxious
Restlessness

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8
Q

Ictal epilepsy seizure clinical signs?

A

Collapse
Unconsciousness

Action varies to each individual
Clonic paddling spasms
Tonic spasms

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9
Q

Post-ictal epilepsy seizure clinical signs?

A

Extreme tiredness
Hunger
Ataxia
Compulsive walking
Dazed

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10
Q

How can epilepsy be diagnosed?

A

History and clinical signs

Physical and neurological examination

Blood testing
(Infection, toxicity, glucose, uraemia)

MRI and or CT

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11
Q

Wobblers syndrome aetiology?

A

Complex, primarily genetic component
Nutritional factors may play a role

Malformation of cervical vertebrae leading to spinal compression

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12
Q

Wobblers syndrome pathophysiology?

A

-Compression of cord due to malformed vertebrae
-Narrowing of cervical vertebrae canal due to development abnormalities of vertebrae
-Degenerative changes can occur in older dogs leading to narrowing of the canal
-Narrowed canal impinges upon spinal cord causing compression

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13
Q

Wobblers syndrome clinical signs?

A

All 4 pelvic limbs weak
More pronounced in hind limbs
May scuff nails
Uncoordinated gait
Neck pain
May lead to paralysis

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14
Q

Wobblers syndrome diagnosis?

A

History and clinical signs

Full neurological examination

Radiography and myelography

CSF analysis

MRI is diagnostic

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15
Q

Mast Cell tumour aetiology?

A

Certain breeds are predisposed

Neoplasia affecting the histiocytes )mash cells)

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16
Q

Mast cell tumour pathophysiology?

A

Mast cells undergo malignant transformation, behaviour varies between grades

Degradation of mast cells in the tumour can lead to systemic signs

17
Q

Where are mast cell tumours commonly found?

A

GI tract
Spleen
Bone Marrow

18
Q

Mast cell tumour clinical signs?

A

-Appearance is varied
-Usually found in skin surface
-Can occur in subcutaneous layer

-Benign or low grade, may be small and slow growing mass in the skin
-Higher grade tumours associated with swelling, inflammation and ulceration

19
Q

Mast cell tumours diagnosis?

A

Fine needle aspirate confirms diagnosis

Biopsy can be used to assess grade of tumour

Evaluation of local lymph nodes to assist with grading

Imaging to detect mets by either radiograph or CT or MRI

20
Q

Difference between excisional and incisional biopsy?

A

Ex takes whole mass away

In takes part of mass

21
Q

Osteosarcoma aetiology?

A

Primarily malignant neoplasm of bone

Large mid to old age dogs most commonly affected

22
Q

Osteosarcoma pathophysiology?

A

Osteocytes undergo malignant transformation leading to formation of swelling or bony growth and destruction of bone architecture

Damage to bone tissue may lead to waking of bone and pathological fracture

23
Q

Where is osteosarcoma commonly found?

A

Metaphysis of long bones

Commonly metastatic spread occurs to the lungs

24
Q

Osteosarcoma clinical signs?

A

Lameness
Swelling of site
Pathological fracture
Coughing

25
Q

Osteosarcoma diagnosis?

A

Radiography, image bone and evaluates the lung fields

CT or MRI ^^

Biopsy can be used as definitive diagnosis

YR2 SA CONDITIONS/DISEASES (9 decks)

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