Canine & Feline Diseases Flashcards
Canine Parvovirus Aetiology?
=CPV-2 most common strain
=most commonly affects weaned pups between 8-12 weeks and unvaccinated adults
Canine Parvovirus Pathophysiology?
-virus has affinity for rapidly dividing cells in the gut wall and lymphoid tissue including bone marrow
-multiplies in small intestinal crypt lining cells leading to destruction of lining and inability to absorb nutrients
-advance cases intestine may be so compromised as to allow bacterial invasion from the gut to bloodstream
Where does Canine Parvovirus Replicate, and what does this cause?
multiplies in small intestinal crypt lining cells
leading to destruction of lining and inability to absorb nutrients
Clinical Signs of Canine Parvovirus?
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Dehydration
Lethargy
Depression
Temperature
Anorexia
Methods of Diagnosis for Canine Parvovirus?
-history and clinical signs
-facael testing
-faecal PCR
-serum antibody (external lab)
What is the most common faecal test?
Elisa test
Detects CPV-2 antigen
Is rapid and simple
Done in house
False negatives can occur
What is a faecal PCR?
Detects CPV-2 DNA
Sent to external lab
What is the Aetiology of Feline Upper Respiratory Disease?
-can be caused by a number of agents
What are the 4 most common causes of Feline Upper Respiratory Disease?
-feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1)
-feline calicivirus
-bordetella bronchiseptica
-chlamydophilia felis
What is the pathophysiology of FHV-1?
-replicates in the tissues of the upper respiratory tract and ocular systems
-irritation to the pharynx, larynx and trachea
-secondary bacterial infections common as a result of damage
What does FHV-1 irritate?
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
What are the clinical signs of FHV-1?
-anorexia
-pyrexia
-depression
-sneezing
-conjunctivitis
-ocular and nasal discharge
What is the pathophysiology of feline calicivirus?
-similar response for respiratory epithelium as FHV however much milder degree of symptoms
-characteristic lesions occur in the oral cavity leading to oral ulceration
What are the clinical signs of feline calicivirus?
-mild ocular and nasal discharge
-sneezing
-inappetence
-ulceration of palates, tongues and cheek
-depression
-pyrexia
How can feline upper respiratory diseases be diagnosed?
-history and clinical signs
-viral transport of swab of oropharyngeal region
What is the pathophysiology of chlamydia felis?
-bacterial infection
-replicates in mucosa of ocular and nasal cavity and the upper and lower respiratory tract
-frequency cause of conjunctivitis
How can chlamydia felis be diagnosed?
-history and clinical signs
-conjunctival swab to isolate organism
What are the clinical signs of bordatella bronchiseptica?
-mild sneezing
-coughing
-nasal and ocular discharge
-fever
How is bordatella bronchiseptica diagnosed?
-taking a swab of the throat and detecting organisms in the lab
What is the aetiology of feline leukaemia virus?
-is a retrovirus
-from an oncornavirus group
What is the pathophysiology of feline leukaemia virus?
-virus replicates in the lymphoid tissue and enters lymphocytes and monocytes
-transported around the body
-eventually enters the bone marrow
-in some cats, persistent infection with the virus can lead to immune suppression, neoplasia or anaemia
Where does feline leukaemia virus replicate?
-replicates in the lymphoid tissue and enters lymphocytes and monocytes to be transported around the body
What are the clinical signs of feline leukaemia virus?
-weakened immune system
-recurrent infections
-anaemia
-tumour developments
-lethargy
-diarrhoea
How can feline leukaemia virus be diagnosed?
-elisa serum test for the antigen
-patient side test with rapid response and then retest after 12 weeks
-PCR test to isolate the viral genetic material which is sent to external lab
