Canine & Feline Diseases

Question 1

Canine Parvovirus Aetiology?

Answer 1

=CPV-2 most common strain

=most commonly affects weaned pups between 8-12 weeks and unvaccinated adults

Question 2

Canine Parvovirus Pathophysiology?

Answer 2

-virus has affinity for rapidly dividing cells in the gut wall and lymphoid tissue including bone marrow
-multiplies in small intestinal crypt lining cells leading to destruction of lining and inability to absorb nutrients
-advance cases intestine may be so compromised as to allow bacterial invasion from the gut to bloodstream

Question 3

Where does Canine Parvovirus Replicate, and what does this cause?

Answer 3

multiplies in small intestinal crypt lining cells

leading to destruction of lining and inability to absorb nutrients

Question 4

Clinical Signs of Canine Parvovirus?

Answer 4

Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Dehydration
Lethargy
Depression
Temperature
Anorexia

Question 5

Methods of Diagnosis for Canine Parvovirus?

Answer 5

-history and clinical signs
-facael testing
-faecal PCR
-serum antibody (external lab)

Question 6

What is the most common faecal test?

Answer 6

Elisa test

Detects CPV-2 antigen
Is rapid and simple
Done in house
False negatives can occur

Question 7

What is a faecal PCR?

Answer 7

Detects CPV-2 DNA
Sent to external lab

Question 8

What is the Aetiology of Feline Upper Respiratory Disease?

Answer 8

-can be caused by a number of agents

Question 9

What are the 4 most common causes of Feline Upper Respiratory Disease?

Answer 9

-feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1)

-feline calicivirus

-bordetella bronchiseptica

-chlamydophilia felis

Question 10

What is the pathophysiology of FHV-1?

Answer 10

-replicates in the tissues of the upper respiratory tract and ocular systems

-irritation to the pharynx, larynx and trachea

-reproductive and dermatological signs are rare

-secondary bacterial infections common as a result of damage

Question 11

What does FHV-1 irritate?

Answer 11

-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea

Question 12

What are the clinical signs of FHV-1?

Answer 12

-anorexia
-pyrexia
-depression
-sneezing
-conjunctivitis
-ocular and nasal discharge

Question 13

What is the pathophysiology of feline calicivirus?

Answer 13

-similar response for respiratory epithelium as FHV however much milder degree of symptoms

-characteristic lesions occur in the oral cavity leading to oral ulceration

Question 14

What are the clinical signs of feline calicivirus?

Answer 14

-mild ocular and nasal discharge
-sneezing
-inappetence
-ulceration of palates, tongues and cheek
-depression
-pyrexia

Question 15

How can feline upper respiratory diseases be diagnosed?

Answer 15

-history and clinical signs
-viral transport of swab of oropharyngeal region

Question 16

What is the pathophysiology of chlamydia felis?

Answer 16

-bacterial infection

-replicates in mucosa of ocular and nasal cavity and the upper and lower respiratory tract

-frequency cause of conjunctivitis

Question 17

How can chlamydia felis be diagnosed?

Answer 17

-history and clinical signs

-conjunctival swab to isolate organism

Question 18

What are the clinical signs of bordatella bronchiseptica?

Answer 18

-mild sneezing
-coughing
-nasal and ocular discharge
-fever

Question 19

How is bordatella bronchiseptica diagnosed?

Answer 19

-taking a swab of the throat and detecting organisms in the lab

Question 20

What is the aetiology of feline leukaemia virus?

Answer 20

-is a retrovirus
-from an oncornavirus group

Question 21

What is the pathophysiology of feline leukaemia virus?

Answer 21

-virus replicates in the lymphoid tissue and enters lymphocytes and monocytes

-transported around the body

-eventually enters the bone marrow

-in some cats, persistent infection with the virus can lead to immune suppression, neoplasia or anaemia

Question 22

Where does feline leukaemia virus replicate?

Answer 22

-replicates in the lymphoid tissue and enters lymphocytes and monocytes to be transported around the body

Question 23

What are the clinical signs of feline leukaemia virus?

Answer 23

-weakened immune system
-recurrent infections
-anaemia
-tumour developments
-lethargy
-diarrhoea

Question 24

What are cats % of outcome from feline leukaemia virus?
(40%, 30%, 80/90%)

Answer 24

40% will eliminate virus

30% will become infected and can be eliminated or shed during stressful periods
30% will have poor response allowing virus to invade bone marrow

80/90% die within 3-4 years of diagnosis

Question 25

How can feline leukaemia virus be diagnosed?

Answer 25

-elisa serum test for the antigen

-patient side test with rapid response and then retest after 12 weeks

-PCR test to isolate the viral genetic material which is sent to external lab