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Final Exam Pathology & Diseases > Urinary Diseases > Flashcards

Urinary Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases that affect the urinary system are said to be

A

pre-renal, renal , post-renal

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2
Q

Azotemia is

A

a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood (urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds)

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3
Q

What is FLUTD

A

(feline lower urinary tract disease) any disorder affecting the urinary bladder or urethra of cats

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4
Q

Etiology of feline cystitis

A

Idiopathic; typically non-infectious

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5
Q

Clinical signs of feline cystitis

A

dysuria, hematuria, inappropriate urination

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6
Q

Dx of feline cystitis

A

clinical signs, urinalysis, radiographs and/or ultrasound

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7
Q

Prevention of feline cystitis

A

decrease stress, provide scratching posts, provide 1 litterbox per cat, permanent diet change

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8
Q

Feline urethral plugs

A

contain a small amount of mineral and a large amount of matrix (mucoid)

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9
Q

Feline urolithiasis

A

contain a large amount of mineral and a small amount of matrix (stones)

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10
Q

The inability to pass urine is a _ _ _

A

life threatening emergency

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11
Q

Clinical signs of urethral obstruction

A

azotemia, hematuria, dysuria, inappropriate urination, straining to urinate, vocalizing, V+, collapse, death

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12
Q

Urethral obstructions may be caused by

A

urethral plugs, uroliths

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13
Q

Feline urethral plugs contain

A

a small amount of mineral and a large amount of matrix (mucoid)

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14
Q

Cats with uroliths typically have an altered

A

urine PH, either too high or too low and very concentrated urine

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15
Q

Dx of uroliths

A

palpation of cystoliths (bladder stones), UA w/ sediment exam, rads, US

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16
Q

_ stones may be dissolved w/ diet change

A

Struvite

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17
Q

Surgical tx of feline uroliths

A

cystotomy for calcium stones w/ post surgical rads

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18
Q

Tx of feline urinary obstruction

A

medical: alleviate obstruction w/ urinary catheter, antibiotics, monitor, rehydrate, electrolyte correction
surgical: cystotomy if cystoliths present. Perineal urethrostomy to alleviate obstruction and prevent reoccurrence

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19
Q

What is a perineal urethrostomy

A

a surgical widening of the urethra

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20
Q

4 steps for tx of feline urethral obstruction

A
  1. alleviate obstruction
  2. IV fluid therapy
    3.Monitor kidney values
    4.Managment/prevention
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21
Q

Clinical signs of canine urolithiasis

A

dysuria, hematuria

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22
Q

Tx and dx for canine urolithiasis

A

same for feline urethral obstruction

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23
Q

etiology of Canine cystitis aka bacterial cystitis

A

typically ascending infections

24
Q

Clinical signs of canine cystitis

A

hematuria, dysuria, polyuria, licking penis/vulva

25
Q

Tx for canine cystitis based on

A

C&S

26
Q

Acute renal failure is

A

an abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration resulting in azotemia

27
Q

Etiology of acute renal failure

A

nephrotoxic drugs, toxins, bacteria (leptospirosis), disorders affecting renal perfusion, systemic disease

28
Q

Clinical signs of acute renal failure

A

nonspecific: anorexia, V+, D+, weakness, oliguria, polyuria

29
Q

Lab data for acute renal failure

A

dehydration, azotemia, acidosis

30
Q

Prognosis for acute renal failure is _

A

guarded even with aggressive tx

31
Q

Signalment for chronic renal failure

A

typically older pets

32
Q

Clinical signs for chronic renal failure

A

anorexia, weight loss, GI upset, stomatitis, PU/PD, hypertension, sudden blindness in cats

33
Q

Lab data for chronic renal failure

A

azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, anemia

34
Q

Tx for chronic renal failure

A

supportive care to slow the progression of the disease, diet low in protein and sodium

35
Q

Signalment for urinary incontinence

A

dogs, spayed females, intact males

36
Q

Etiology of urinary incontinence

A

spinal cord injury, ectopic ureters, endocrine imbalance after OHE, partial urethral obstruction, bladder wall abnormalities

37
Q

Tx for urinary incontinence

A

ID underlying cause
Proin and incurin are the typical meds

38
Q

Etiology of urinary bladder rupture

A

urethral obstruction, trauma

39
Q

Clinical signs of Urinary bladder rupture

A

decrease or lack of urine output, V+, foals will stand w/ the back in ventral flexion

40
Q

Dx of urinary bladder rupture

A

abdominocentesis

41
Q

Etiology og urinary incontinence in horses

A

neurologic disease like EHV, EPM; trauma, neoplasia

42
Q

What is pyelonephritis in the horse

A

bacterial infection of the kidneys

43
Q

Clinical signs of pyelonephritis in the horse

A

dysuria, hematuria, same as cystitis

44
Q

Etiology and signalment of urinary bladder prolapse in the horse or ruminant

A

postpartum mares; relaxation of pelvic muscles, dilation of sphincter muscles, strain during parturition

45
Q

Tx of urinary bladder prolapse in horse and ruminant

A

clean and replace the bladder +/- sx to tack bladder in place , +/- indwelling catheter

46
Q

Etiology of urinary bladder rupture in small ruminant

A

improper castration of males with elastrator bands, urinary obstructions

47
Q

Clinical signs of bladder rupture in small ruminant

A

colic, depression, anorexia, abdominal distention, no urine production

48
Q

Tx of bladder rupture in small ruminant

A

stabilization w/ IVF, sx repair of the bladder

49
Q

Signalment of ulcerative or enzootic posthitis (puzzle rot)

A

male ruminants on high protein diets

50
Q

Etiology of pizzle rot

A

-higher protein leads to higher urea excreted in urine, causing ulcerations, swelling of the prepuce
-castration before puberty leading to urine pooling around the prepuce

51
Q

Clinical signs of pizzle rot

A

dysuria, stranguria, preputial swelling

52
Q

Tx of pizzle rot

A

decried necrotic tissue, diet change to <12% protein

53
Q

Etiology/pathology of urolithiasis in small ruminant

A

struvites, males castrated too early, high calcium forage like alfalfa and grain

54
Q

Clinical signs of urolithiasis in small ruminant

A

dysuria, abdominal distention, anorexia, weakness, depression

55
Q

Tx of urolithiasis in small ruminant

A

remove any obstructions, tube cystotomy, flush urethra, diet change

Final Exam Pathology & Diseases (5 decks)

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