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Final Exam Pathology & Diseases > Respiratory Disease > Flashcards

Respiratory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Disease of the URT (upper respiratory tract)

A

Rhinits, Nasal tumors, epistaxis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis

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2
Q

Dx of rhinitis

A

clinical signs, culture and sensitivity

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3
Q

Clinical signs of nasal tumors

A

unilateral nasal discharge (may be hemorrhagic or mucoid)

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4
Q

Dx of nasal tumors

A

Rads, CT, Endoscopy, Bx for Definitive dx

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5
Q

Etiology of epistaxis

A

trauma, foreign objects, tumors, bleeding disorders

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6
Q

What is epistaxis

A

nose bleed

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7
Q

Tx of epistaxis

A

ID the cause, stop bleeding by instilling epinephrine/lidocaine to the area

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8
Q

Etiology of sinusitis

A

tooth-root abscess most commonly, foreign body pentration

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9
Q

Clinical signs of sinusitis

A

swelling under the eye, unilateral nasal discharge

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10
Q

Dx of sinusitis

A

PE, Rads, C&S

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11
Q

Tx of sinusitis

A

antibiotics based on C&S, removal of affected tooth, draining of fistulas

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12
Q

Etiology of tonsillitis

A

infectious agents from the URT

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13
Q

Clinical signs of tonsillitis

A

increased swallowing, anorexia, salivation

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14
Q

Dx of tonsillitis

A

oral and upper airway exam

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15
Q

Etiology of laryngitis

A

excessive barking, howling most commonly, infection can occur

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16
Q

Clinical signs of laryngitis

A

changes to the voice

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17
Q

Tx of laryngitis

A

restrict barking, anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics if indicated

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18
Q

Clinical signs for laryngeal paralysis

A

Dogs: harshness in their panting, increased panting or panting when cool and calm a horse or raspy sounding bark
Horse:abnormal noises heard when horse breathes in during faster levels of exercise

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19
Q

Tx of laryngeal paralysis

A

medical care during breathing crisis: oxygen therapy, external cooling, sedation, intubation

sx: unilateral arytenoid lateralization or “tieback” surgery

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20
Q

Etiology of tracheal collapse

A

idiopathic

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21
Q

Signalment for tracheal collapse

A

Pomeranians, yorkshire terriers, toy-breeds

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22
Q

Clinical signs of tracheal collapse

A

“goose-honk” cough

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23
Q

Dx of tracheal collapse

A

rads and fluoroscopy

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24
Q

What is feline asthma

A

obstructive and allergic respiratory diseases, sometimes called asthma, bronchitis, or bronchial asthma

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25
Etiology of feline asthma
chronic airway inflammation, inhaled irritants, may be secondary to allergies/parasites
26
Clinical signs of feline asthma
coughing, wheezing, labored breathing
27
Clinical signs of feline hw disease
cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, sudden death
28
What is pleural effusion
buildup of fluid within pleural space, leading to respiratory distress
29
Pleural effusion
transudate/modified, Transudate/exudate
30
Hemothorax
hemorrhagic effusion
31
Pyothorax
purulent exudative effusion
32
Chlyothorax
"chyle" is lymphatic fluid, contains a lot of fat
33
Etiology of pleural effusion
neoplasia, congestive heart failure, hemorrhage, infection
34
Clinical signs of pleural effusion
dyspnea, cough, pleural pain
35
Etiology of Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease "heaves" in horses
dry/dusty environment
36
clinical signs for "heaves" in equine
increased respiratory effort upon EXPIRATION, "heave line", cough, nostril flare at rest
37
Tx of heaves in equine
soak hay, change environment, antihistamines, steroids, bronchodilators
38
Etiology of Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) "bleeders"
idiopathic (increased CO and vascular blood pressure lead to rupture of the capillaries in the lungs)
39
Clinical signs of EIPH
epistaxis, decreased performance, dyspnea, respiratory distress
40
Signalment of EIPH
racehorses (thoroughbreds, quarter horses, Standardbreds)
41
Etiology of foal pneumonia
rhodococcus equi
42
Sources of transmission for foal pneumonia
affected soil (contaminated with manure)
43
Clinical signs of foal pneumonia
cough, dyspnea, fever, anorexia, diarrhea
44
What is equine influenza
a highly contagious viral disease that spreads rapidly among naive horses
45
Etiology of equine influenza
viral: orthomyxovirus A/equine-2
46
Transmission of equine influenza
inhalation of respiratory secretions
47
Etiology of Equine viral rhinopneumonitis aka herpes
EHV-1 and EHV-4
48
Clinical signs for equine viral rhinopneumonitis (herpes)
serous nasal discharge, malaise, pharyngitis, cough, inappetence, submandibular or retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy, secondary bacterial infections
49
Signalment of pasteurellosis
sheep and goats
50
Etiology of pasteurellosis
pasteurella hemolytica
51
Clinical signs of pasteurellosis
nasal discharge, fever, anorexia, weight loss
52
Etiology of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
mycoplasma capricola
53
clinical signs of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
fever, anorexia, death within 2 days
54
Tx of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
tylosin, tetracycline
55
Etiology of ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP)
lentivirus
56
Transmission of ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP)
ingestion of milk from infected animals
57
Clinical signs of ovine progressive pneumonia
progressive malaise/emaciation/dyspnea/cough
58
Dx for ovine progressive pneumonia
ELISA test for virus
59
What is oestrus ovis
deposited fly larvae around the nostrils
60
clinical signs of oestrus ovis
sneezing, nasal discharge, rubbing of the nose, rhinitis/sinusitis
61
Tx of oestrus ovis
ivermectin
62
Bovine respiratori disease complex (BRD) develops as a result of
complex interactions between environmental factors, host factors, and pathogens

Final Exam Pathology & Diseases (5 decks)

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