Urinary catheterization

Question 1

Reasons for using indwelling catheter

Answer 1

1. Therapeutic procedure, Relieve retention of urine & allow continuous bladder irrigation
2. Facilitate accurate measurement of urinary output & detection of any fluid volume deficit/ overload

Question 2

Urinary retention definition, cause, risk, management

Answer 2

Def: inability to completely/ partially empty the bladder (unable to start urination/ has large amount of residue urine)
cause: obstructive, infectious, inflammatory, pharmacologic, neurologic etc
risk: more pre-dominant among men than women
management: immediate - facilitate urine drainage; follow-up - eliminate causes, treat problems & prevent recurrence

Question 3

Obstructive cause of ROU

Answer 3

Blocking normal urine flow out of the body
males in 50s/ 60s: Benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH)
due to urinary disorders eg urinary stone/ cancer; or other situations eg pregnancy, ascites, enlarged bowel, constipation

Question 4

Infectious/ inflammatory cause of ROU

Answer 4

ineffective passage of urine due to intectious/ inflammatory response
eg UTI induced haematuria & AROU, urethral stricture due to inflammation/ scar tissue from surgery, brain/ spinal cord infections induced distended bladder

Question 5

Pharmacologic cause of ROU

Answer 5

medication that affect the sensation, induce urethral stricture/ decrease bladder contraction/ interfere with nerve signals to the bladder/ prostate
eg antihistamines (benadryl), anticholinergics (oxybutynin)

Question 6

Neurologic cause of ROU

Answer 6

neurological condition/ disorders induced problems with the nerves that control the bladder and sphincters