Urinary & Bowel Elimination Key Terms

Question 1

24-hour urine output is less than 50 mL

Answer 1

anuria

Question 2

asymptomatic condition in which bacteria are present in the urine

Answer 2

bacteriuria

Question 3

continued incontinence of urine past the age of toilet training

Answer 3

enuresis

Question 4

blood in the urine

Answer 4

hematuria

Question 5

type of incontinent cutaneous urinary diversion and is the most common type of incontinent cutaneous urinary diversion
- involves a surgical resection of the small intestine, with transplantation of the ureters to the isolated segment of small bowel; this separated section of the small intestine is then brought to the abdominal wall, where urine is excreted through a stoma.

Answer 5

ileal conduit

Question 6

prescription & nonprescription drugs capable of causing kidney damage

Answer 6

nephrotoxic

Question 7

awakening at night to urinate

Answer 7

nocturia

Question 8

24-hour urine output is less than 400 mL

Answer 8

oliguria

Question 9

opening at the end of the anal canal

Answer 9

anus

Question 10

the inability of the anal sphincter to control the discharge of fecal and gaseous material

Answer 10

bowel incontinence

Question 11

program that manipulates factors within a person’s control (timing of defecation, exercise, diet) to produce a regular pattern of comfortable defecation without meds or enemas

Answer 11

bowel-training program

Question 12

an opening into the colon that permits feces to exit through a stoma

Answer 12

colostomy

Question 13

passage of dry, hard fecal matter

Answer 13

constipation

Question 14

emptying of the intestinal tract; synonym for bowel movement

Answer 14

defecation

Question 15

passage of liquid & unformed stools

Answer 15

diarrhea

Question 16

directed visualization of hollowed organs of the body using an endoscope (flexible, lighted tube)

Answer 16

endoscopy

Question 17

introduction of solution into the lower bowel

Answer 17

enema

Question 18

collection in the rectum of hardened feces that cannot be passed

Answer 18

fecal impaction

Question 19

involuntary or inappropriate passing of stool or flatus

Answer 19

fecal incontinence

Question 20

intestinal waste products

Answer 20

feces

Question 21

a linear break on the margin of the anus

Answer 21

fissure

Question 22

excessive formation of gas in the GI tract

Answer 22

flatulence

Question 23

intestinal gas

Answer 23

flatus

Question 24

abnormally distended rectal veins

Answer 24

hemorrhoids

Question 25

opening into the small intestine that allows fecal content from the ileum to be eliminated through the stoma

Answer 25

ileostomy

Question 26

moisture-associated skin breakdown caused by prolonged contact of the skin with urine or feces

Answer 26

incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD)

Question 27

drug used to induce emptying of the intestinal tract

Answer 27

laxative

Question 28

tube inserted through the nose & into the stomach

Answer 28

nasogastric (NG) tube

Question 29

blood present in such minute quantities that it cannot be detected with the unassisted eye

Answer 29

occult blood

Question 30

general term referring to an artificial opening; usually used to refer to an opening created for the excretion of body wastes

Answer 30

ostomy

Question 31

paralysis of the intestinal peristalsis

Answer 31

paralytic ileus

Question 32

artificial opening for waste excretion located on the body surface

Answer 32

stoma

Question 33

excreted feces

Answer 33

stool

Question 34

oval- or cone-shaped substances that is inserted into a body cavity and that melts at body temperature

Answer 34

suppository

Question 35

forcible exhalation against a closed glottis, resulting in increased intrathoracic pressure

Answer 35

Valsalva maneuver

Question 36

due to increased abdominal pressure (weak pelvic floor muscles) - involuntary leakage of urine with sudden movement, coughing, sneezing, laughing

Answer 36

stress incontinence

Question 37

due to involuntary contraction of bladder muscles - risk increases with alcohol & caffeine consumption, fecal impaction, UTI, ineffective toileting habits

Answer 37

urge incontinence

Question 38

due to blockage of urethra - may be due to secondary effect of meds, neurologic conditions, diabetes, & obstruction or injury

Answer 38

overflow incontinence

Question 39

due to impaired functioning of the nervous system

Answer 39

neurogenic incontinence

Question 40

appears suddenly & usually caused by an illness or temporary problem that is short-lived or treatable

Answer 40

transient incontinence

Question 41

combo of stress & urgency incontinence - marked by involuntary leakage associated with urgency as well as with exertion, effort, sneezing, & coughing

Answer 41

mixed incontinence

Question 42

painful or difficult urination

Answer 42

dysuria

Question 43

increased incidence of voiding

Answer 43

frequency

Question 44

presence of glucose in the urine

Answer 44

glycosuria

Question 45

excessive output of urine (diuresis)

Answer 45

polyuria

Question 46

protein in the urine

Answer 46

proteinuria

Question 47

pus in the urine

Answer 47

pyuria

Question 48

strong desire to void

Answer 48

urgency

Question 49

slow gastric motility through local effect on GI wall

Answer 49

opioid receptor antagonist

Question 50

decrease GI tract secretion - has antimicrobial action against bacterial & viral pathogens

Answer 50

antisecretory/antimicrobials

Question 51

cause stool to absorb water

Answer 51

bulk-forming

Question 52

promote secretion of water into colon

Answer 52

osmotic

Question 53

increase intestinal motility & colonic secretions

Answer 53

stimulant

Question 54

agents with surfactant activity that decreases tension between water and fat and lubricate stool

Answer 54

stool softeners

Question 55

lubricate intestinal tract and slow down absorption of water in the colon

Answer 55

lubricants