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Fundamentals of Nursing 3515 > Oxygenation & Perfusion Key Terms > Flashcards

Oxygenation & Perfusion Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

abnormal breath sounds heard over the lungs

A

adventitious

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2
Q

small air sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange

A

alveoli

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3
Q

a temporary imbalance between the amount of oxygen needed by the heart and the amount delivered to the heart muscles

A

angina

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4
Q

a diagnostic test examining arterial blood; used to determine the pressure exerted by oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

A

arterial blood gas (ABG)

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5
Q

incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs

A

atelectasis

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6
Q

upper chambers of the heart

A

atria

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7
Q

slow rate of breathing

A

bradypnea

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8
Q

sounds heard over the larynx & trachea that are high-pitched, harsh “blowing” sounds, with sound on expiration being longer than inspiration

A

bronchial

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9
Q

med that relaxes contractions of smooth muscle of the bronchioles

A

bronchodilator

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10
Q

normal breath sounds heard over the mainstem bronchus; they are moderate blowing sounds with inspiration equal to expiration

A

bronchovesicular

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11
Q

a method to monitor ventilation and, indirectly, blood flow through the lungs

A

capnography

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12
Q

related to the heart & lungs

A

cardiopulmonary

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13
Q

relating to the heart & blood vessels

A

cardiovascular

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14
Q

microscopic, hair-like projections that propel mucus toward the upper airway so that it can be expectorated

A

cilia

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15
Q

movement of fluid through the body in a regular or circuitous course involving the heart & blood vessels

A

circulation

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16
Q

fine, crackling sounds as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs

A

crackles

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17
Q

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

A

diffusion

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18
Q

difficult or labored breathing

A

dyspnea

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19
Q

an abnormal cardiac rhythm

A

dysrhythmia

20
Q

graphic record produced by the electrocardiograph

A

electrocardiogram (ECG)

21
Q

polyvinyl-chloride airway that is inserted through the nose or the mouth into the trachea, using a laryngoscope as a guide

A

endotracheal tube

22
Q

act of breathing out; synonym for exhalation

A

expiration

23
Q

when the heart is unable to pump a sufficient amount of blood supply, resulting in inadequate perfusion & oxygenation of tissues.
- can result from different heart conditions including chronic HTN, coronary artery disease, and disease of the heart valves.

A

heart failure

24
Q

condition in which there is more than the normal amount of air entering & leaving the lungs

A

hyperventilation

25
Q

decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

A

hypoventilation

26
Q

deficient oxygenation of blood

A

hypoxemia

27
Q

inaedqeuate amount of oxygen available to the cells

A

hypoxia

28
Q

inhalation

A

inspiration

29
Q

deficiency of blood in a particular area

A

ischemia

30
Q

a low-flow/variable-performance device and the most commonly used oxygen delivery device for administering low-flow oxygen to infants, children, and adults in the hospital & community settings; also called nasal prongs

A

nasal cannula

31
Q

the process of providing cells life-sustaining oxygen

A

oxygenation

32
Q

process by which oxygenated blood passes through body tissues

A

perfusion

33
Q

noninvasive technique that measures the oxygen saturation (SaO2) of arterial blood

A

pulse oximetry

34
Q

gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries

A

respiration

35
Q

instrument used to measure lung capacities and volumes; one type is used to encourage deep breathing (incentive spirometry)

A

spirometer

36
Q

respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing the throat

A

sputum

37
Q

detergent-like phospholipid that reduces the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli

A

surfactant

38
Q

rapid rate of breathing

A

tachypnea

39
Q

artificial opening made in the trachea through which the tracheostomy tube is inserted

A

tracheostomy

40
Q

lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

41
Q

normal sounds of respiration heard on auscultation over peripheral lung areas

A

vesicular

42
Q

continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages

A

wheezes

43
Q
  • air is always going in to keep airway open
  • steady stream of air
A

cPAP

44
Q
  • pressure changes as patient breathes in
  • drops when exhaling, increases when inhaling
  • helpful to reduce WOB
A

biPAP

45
Q

collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity

A

pneumothorax

46
Q

air is trapped in the pleural space under positive pressure, displacing mediastinal structures & compromising cardiopulmonary function

A

tension pneumothorax

Fundamentals of Nursing 3515 (11 decks)

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