Oxygenation & Perfusion Key Terms

Question 1

abnormal breath sounds heard over the lungs

Answer 1

adventitious

Question 2

small air sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange

Answer 2

alveoli

Question 3

a temporary imbalance between the amount of oxygen needed by the heart and the amount delivered to the heart muscles

Answer 3

angina

Question 4

a diagnostic test examining arterial blood; used to determine the pressure exerted by oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

Answer 4

arterial blood gas (ABG)

Question 5

incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs

Answer 5

atelectasis

Question 6

upper chambers of the heart

Answer 6

atria

Question 7

slow rate of breathing

Answer 7

bradypnea

Question 8

sounds heard over the larynx & trachea that are high-pitched, harsh “blowing” sounds, with sound on expiration being longer than inspiration

Answer 8

bronchial

Question 9

med that relaxes contractions of smooth muscle of the bronchioles

Answer 9

bronchodilator

Question 10

normal breath sounds heard over the mainstem bronchus; they are moderate blowing sounds with inspiration equal to expiration

Answer 10

bronchovesicular

Question 11

a method to monitor ventilation and, indirectly, blood flow through the lungs

Answer 11

capnography

Question 12

related to the heart & lungs

Answer 12

cardiopulmonary

Question 13

relating to the heart & blood vessels

Answer 13

cardiovascular

Question 14

microscopic, hair-like projections that propel mucus toward the upper airway so that it can be expectorated

Answer 14

cilia

Question 15

movement of fluid through the body in a regular or circuitous course involving the heart & blood vessels

Answer 15

circulation

Question 16

fine, crackling sounds as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs

Answer 16

crackles

Question 17

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

Answer 17

diffusion

Question 18

difficult or labored breathing

Answer 18

dyspnea

Question 19

an abnormal cardiac rhythm

Answer 19

dysrhythmia

Question 20

graphic record produced by the electrocardiograph

Answer 20

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 21

polyvinyl-chloride airway that is inserted through the nose or the mouth into the trachea, using a laryngoscope as a guide

Answer 21

endotracheal tube

Question 22

act of breathing out; synonym for exhalation

Answer 22

expiration

Question 23

when the heart is unable to pump a sufficient amount of blood supply, resulting in inadequate perfusion & oxygenation of tissues.
- can result from different heart conditions including chronic HTN, coronary artery disease, and disease of the heart valves.

Answer 23

heart failure

Question 24

condition in which there is more than the normal amount of air entering & leaving the lungs

Answer 24

hyperventilation

Question 25

decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

Answer 25

hypoventilation

Question 26

deficient oxygenation of blood

Answer 26

hypoxemia

Question 27

inaedqeuate amount of oxygen available to the cells

Answer 27

hypoxia

Question 28

inhalation

Answer 28

inspiration

Question 29

deficiency of blood in a particular area

Answer 29

ischemia

Question 30

a low-flow/variable-performance device and the most commonly used oxygen delivery device for administering low-flow oxygen to infants, children, and adults in the hospital & community settings; also called nasal prongs

Answer 30

nasal cannula

Question 31

the process of providing cells life-sustaining oxygen

Answer 31

oxygenation

Question 32

process by which oxygenated blood passes through body tissues

Answer 32

perfusion

Question 33

noninvasive technique that measures the oxygen saturation (SaO2) of arterial blood

Answer 33

pulse oximetry

Question 34

gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries

Answer 34

respiration

Question 35

instrument used to measure lung capacities and volumes; one type is used to encourage deep breathing (incentive spirometry)

Answer 35

spirometer

Question 36

respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing the throat

Answer 36

sputum

Question 37

detergent-like phospholipid that reduces the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli

Answer 37

surfactant

Question 38

rapid rate of breathing

Answer 38

tachypnea

Question 39

artificial opening made in the trachea through which the tracheostomy tube is inserted

Answer 39

tracheostomy

Question 40

lower chambers of the heart

Answer 40

ventricles

Question 41

normal sounds of respiration heard on auscultation over peripheral lung areas

Answer 41

vesicular

Question 42

continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages

Answer 42

wheezes

Question 43

- air is always going in to keep airway open - steady stream of air

Answer 43

cPAP

Question 44

- pressure changes as patient breathes in - drops when exhaling, increases when inhaling - helpful to reduce WOB

Answer 44

biPAP

Question 45

collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity

Answer 45

pneumothorax

Question 46

air is trapped in the pleural space under positive pressure, displacing mediastinal structures & compromising cardiopulmonary function

Answer 46

tension pneumothorax