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Fundamentals of Nursing 3515 > Fluid & Electrolyte Key Terms > Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolyte Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released

A

acid

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2
Q

condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the ECF, in which the pH falls below 7.35

A

acidosis

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3
Q

movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy

A

active transport

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4
Q

condition characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the ECF concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45

A

alkalosis

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5
Q

ion that carries a negative electric charge

A

anions

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6
Q

immunoglobulin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

A

antibody

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7
Q

foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

A

antigen

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8
Q

occurs when a patient donates one’s own blood for a transfusion on themselves; it is re-filtered into the patient

A

autologous transfusion

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9
Q

substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali

A

base

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10
Q

the lab examination to determine a person’s blood type

A

blood typing

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11
Q

substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid or alkaline

A

buffer

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12
Q

passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary; results from the force of blood “pushing” against the walls of the capillaries

A

capillary filtration

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13
Q

ion that carries a positive electric charge

A

cation

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14
Q

pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure (through albumin)

A

colloid osmotic pressure

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15
Q

act of determining the compatibility of 2 blood specimens

A

cross-matching

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16
Q

decreased water volume in body tissue; fluid deficient

A

dehydration

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17
Q

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

A

diffusion

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18
Q

accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces

A

edema

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19
Q

substances capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution

A

electrolytes

20
Q

fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstitial fluids

A

extracellular fluid (ECF)

21
Q

force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

A

hydrostatic pressure

22
Q

excess serum level of calcium in the ECF

A

hypercalcemia

23
Q

excessive serum level of chloride anion & usually accompanied by sodium and water retention

A

hyperchloremia

24
Q

excess serum level of potassium anion; commonly caused by decreased potassium excretion

A

hyperkalemia

25
Q

excessive serum level of magnesium cation; most commonly caused by CKD

A

hypermagnesemia

26
Q

excessive serum level of sodium ion; generally quantified as a serum sodium concentration > 145 mmol/L

A

hypernatremia

27
Q

excessive serum level of phosphate; can be caused by kidneys inability to excrete excess, increases intake, or disorder that affects the shift of phosphate from intracellular space to extracellular

A

hyperphosphatemia

28
Q

having a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared to

A

hypertonic

29
Q

having an excess of plasma

A

hypervolemia

30
Q

deficient serum level of calcium
- affects cellular processes of cardiac, smooth, & skeletal muscle; bone structure and blood coagulation also affected by impaired calcium regulation.
- can be life-threatening & causes neuromuscular irritability

A

hypocalcemia

31
Q

deficient serum level of chloride
- can affect levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and other electrolytes in the blood.
- results in a rise in bicarbonate levels to compensate for decreased chloride level

A

hypochloremia

32
Q

deficient serum level of potassium (< 3.5 mEq/L)
- results in impaired facilitation of contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle, including MI.
- also affects nerve impulse conduction, acid-base balance, enzyme action, and cell membrane function

A

hypokalemia

33
Q

deficient serum level of magnesium
- small deficiency is a relatively common imbalance.
- severe deficiency may affect cardiac function & nerve cell function (possibly life-threatening).

A

hypomagnesemia

34
Q

deficient serum level of sodium
- mild: 130 - 134 mmol/L
- moderate: 125 - 129 mmol/L
- profound: < 125 mmol/L

A

hyponatremia

35
Q

deficient serum level of phosphate
- can affect calcium in teeth & bones, and several metabolic functions including use of B vitamins, acid-base homeostasis, bone formation, nerve & muscle activity, cell division, transmission of hereditary traits, and metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats.

A

hypophosphatemia

36
Q

having a lesser concentration than the solution with which it is being compared to; has less osmolality than plasma

A

hypotonic

37
Q

having a deficiency of blood plasma

A

hypovolemia

38
Q

fluid within the cell; synonym for cellular fluid

A

intracellular fluid (ICF)

39
Q

atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in a solution

A

ion

40
Q

having about the same concentration as the solution with which it is being compared to

A

isotonic

41
Q

the concentration of particles dissolved in a solution

A

osmolarity

42
Q

passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established

A

osmosis

43
Q

expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acidity of a substance

A

pH

44
Q

substance dissolved in a solution

A

solutes

45
Q

liquid holding a substance in a solution

A

solvents

46
Q

IV fluid goes into interstitial space (looks swollen & hard, feel cold & painful, paleness)
- needs to be stopped as its not in vascular space
- pull IV out and reestablish new IV somewhere else

A

infiltration

47
Q

veins become inflamed

A

phlebitis

Fundamentals of Nursing 3515 (11 decks)

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