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Human Anatomy > Urinary and Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Urinary and Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

fuctions include filtering blood plasma of metabolic wastes, electrolye/water homeostasis, and forming urine (filtrate)

A

Kidney

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2
Q

the medial portion of the kidney where the blood vessles, nerves, and ureter enter/exit the kidney

A

hilus

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3
Q

blood velssles that branch from the aorta and inferior vena cava, i.e. renal artery and vein, and enter and leave the kidney at the hilus

A

renal vessels

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4
Q

the surrouding protective layer of the kidney

A

capsule

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5
Q

lighter colored outer portion of the kidney subjacent to the capsule, contains glomerous, proximal and distal convoluted tubles

A

renal cortex

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6
Q

continous with the renal cortex, forms a partion between the renal pyramids

A

renal columns

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7
Q

darker inner portion of the kidney, contains the renal pyramids, the nephron loops, and the collection (pappilary) ducts

A

renal medulla

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8
Q

cone-shaped masses of tissue in the medula containing the collecting ducts, the base faces the capsule

A

renal pyramid

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9
Q

the internally pointed bottem portion of the renal pyramids, usually lighter in color, projects into the calyces

A

papilla

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10
Q

cup-shaped drain which collects discharged urine from the papilla

A

minor calyx

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11
Q

formed by the union of sveral minor calyces, channels urine to the renal pelvis

A

major caylx

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12
Q

funnel shaped region formed by the uniting of several major calyces; collects and funnels urine to the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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13
Q

a microscopic structure, it forms the functional unit of excreation and forms urine by filtering metabolic waste from the blood

A

nephron

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14
Q

transports blood to the glomerous for filtration

A

afferent glomerous arteriole

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15
Q

a capillary plexus located between afferent and efferent arterioles that produce filtrate yet prevents the passage of platelets and proteins into the glomerural capsule

A

glomerulus

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16
Q

the blood vessel through which plasma, platelets, proteins, and blood cells are trasported from the glomerulus to the renal vein and ultimatly to the heart

A

efferent glomerular arteriole

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17
Q

located in the cortex, the structure surrounding the glomerulus and associated with the proximal convoluted tube

A

glomerular capsule

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18
Q

the part of the renal tubule that is associated with the glomerulus, responsible for reabsortion of water, nutrients, and electrolytes

A

proximal convoluted tube

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19
Q

composed of a descending loop and an ascending loop, responsible for the reabsortion of water and elctrolytes

A

nephron loop

(loop of Henle)

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20
Q

the distal coiled part of the nephron, empties into the collecting duct

A

distal convoluted tubule

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21
Q

recives urine from distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons, delivers urine to the calyces

A

collecting (papillary duct)

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22
Q

tubes from the hilus of each kidney that transport urine to the unrinary bladder

A

ureter

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23
Q

a distendable sac for storage of urine composed of four tissue layers specialized for stretching

A

unrinary bladder

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24
Q

tiangular region on the posterior bladder formed by the two ureter openings and a single urethral opening

A

trigone

(texas long horn)

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25
Q

a small tube that externaly trasnports urine from the unrinalry bladder to the urethral orifice

A

urethra

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26
Q

and invuluntary smooth muscle surrounding the urethra directly inferior to the bladder, prevents urine from leaving the bladder

A

internal urethral spincter

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27
Q

a voluntary skeletal muscle on the floor of the pelvis (urogenital diaphrgam

A

external urethral spincter

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28
Q

external opening of the urethra

A

urethral orifice

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29
Q

diamond-shaped area between the thighs; circumcised by pubic symphysis, ischila tuberosities and coccyx

A

perineum

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30
Q

a compartment external to the pelvic cavity that supports and protects the testes

A

scrotum

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31
Q

distinct ridge like seamat the midline of the scrotum

A

raphe

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32
Q

devides the scrotum into two compartments, one for each testis

A

median septum

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33
Q

smooth muscle within the wall of the scrotum, funtions involuntarly to maintain the temperature of the testis about three degrees below normal body temperature, ensuring normal spermatogenesis

A

dartos muscles

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34
Q

skeletal muscle located in the spermatic cord and surrounding the testis, is continous with internal abdominal oblique muscle, elevates testis

A

cremaster muscle

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35
Q

paired oval shaped organ located within the scrotum for sperm and hormone production

A

testis

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36
Q

a fiberous connnective tissue layer that directly covers the testis

A

tunica albuginea

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37
Q

coiled sperm-producing tubes within the lobules of the testis

A

seminiferous tubules

(anything pinned on the inside of the testis)

38
Q

convey sperm from the semiiferous tubules to the epididymis

A

efferent ductules

(model only)

39
Q

a convuluted tube that acts as a storage area for spermatoza to mature then transports them to the vas deferens, located on the posterior, superior portion of the testis

A

epididymis

(swimming school)

40
Q

a tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct then joins with the duct leading from the seminal vesicle

A

ductus (vas) deferens

41
Q

a connective tissue cord that runs from the testis through the inguinal ring of the inguinal ligament consists of: ductus deferens, cremaster muscles, testicular arteries, veins and nerves

A

spermatic chord

42
Q

a ligament that extends from the crest of the ilium to the pubic tubercle

A

inguinal ligament

43
Q

an opening in the inguinal ligament that allows the spermatic cord to pass through the abdominal wall

A

inguinal canal (superficial inguinal ring)

44
Q

located behind the urinary bladder, its secretion combines with sperm being transported by the ductus (vas) deferens, secretes fructose, vitamin C, and prostaglandins

A

seminal vesicle

45
Q

gland located inferior to the urinary bladder. surrounding the upper part of the urethra; secretions liquify sperm upon ejaculation

A

prostate

46
Q

approximatly one-inch long tube formed by the union of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle duct

A

ejaculatory duct

(model only)

47
Q

small paired gland located beneath the prostate gland, secretes mucus into the utethra

A

bulbourethral gland

(model only)

48
Q

tube that transports either urine from the bladder or seman from the reproductive glands

A

urethra

49
Q

first part of the urethra that passes through the prostate gland

A

prostatic urethra

50
Q

middle part of the urethra that transverses the urogenital diaphragm

A

membranous urethra

(model only)

51
Q

the last and longest part of the urethra located in the body of the penis

A

spongy urethra

52
Q

a cylindrical organ attached to the pubic arch, made of erectile tissue that becomes engorged with blood for copulation

A

penis

53
Q

the enlarged terminal portion of the penis, formed by the corpus spongiosum

A

glans

54
Q

continous skin covering the glans, removed by circumcision

A

prepuce

55
Q

composed of three chambers of erectile tissue

A

body

56
Q

paired columns of erectile tissue located dorsally within the penis

A

corpora cavernosa

57
Q

midventral erectile tissue that surounds the spongy urethra

A

corpus spongeiosum

58
Q

one deep, one superficial, drain blood from penis

A

dorsal veins

59
Q

one located in each of the corpra cavernosa, supply erectile bodies with blood

A

deep arteries

60
Q

paired almond shaped organ lateral to uterus that produces the ova and secretes estrogen and progesterone

A

ovary

61
Q

a fiberous connective tissue layer that surrounds the ovary

A

tunica albuginea

62
Q

ciliated projections of the distal uterine tube the cover the lateral portion of the ovary

A

fimbriae

63
Q

paired elongated duct through which ova are transported from ovary to the uterus, usual site of fertilization

A

uterine tube (ovidunct)

64
Q

the organ in which implantaion of the fertilized egg occures, its wall is compsed of three layers

A

uterus

65
Q

the outermost covering of the uterus

A

perimetrium

66
Q

the thick middle layer of the uterus composed of smooth muscle

A

myometrium

67
Q

the inner mucosal layer of the uterus whiched is shed during menstuation

A

endometrium

68
Q

specific layer of the the endometrium that replenishes the endometrium after menstration

A

stratum basalis

layer that stays

(model only)

69
Q

specific layer of the endometrium that degenerates during menstration

A

stratum functionalis

sheds during menstration

(model only)

70
Q

the rounded superior portion of the uterus

A

fundus

71
Q

the larger, main part of the uterus

A

body

72
Q

the narrow inferior part of the uterus surounding the external os

A

cervix

73
Q

the cervical opening of the uterus into the vagina, dialates during dilivery

A

external os

74
Q

a tube inferior to the uterus, the opening of which lies poeterior to teh urethra and inferior to the anus

A

vagina

75
Q

superior part of the vagina which surrounds the cervix

A

fornix

76
Q

transverse ridges of the internal vaginal lining that permit stretching of the birth canal

A

vaginal rugae

77
Q

external opening of the vagina, partially covered by the hymen

A

vaginal orifice

78
Q

pea-sized glands located on each side of the vagina, deep to the labia majora, provide lubrication during sexual arousal

A

vestibular glands

79
Q

refers to teh external female genitalia

A

vulva

(triangle)

80
Q

the fatty part of the female external genitalia overlying the pubic symphysis

A

mons pubis

81
Q

part of the female external genitalia lateral to the vaginal opening adn continous with the mons pubis

A

labia majora

82
Q

hairless longitudinal folds of skin located medial to the labia majora

A

labia minora

83
Q

erectile tissue anterior to the urethral orifice in the female

A

clitoris

84
Q

the elongated space enclosed by the labia minora, contains urethra and vaginal obepmings

A

vestibule

85
Q

diamond-shaped region inferior to the pelvis containing anal, vaginal, and urethra openings

A

perineum

86
Q

site of milk production and secretion

A

breast

87
Q

secretory structures within the breasts, function in females during lactation

A

mammary glands

(model only)

88
Q

passageway for milk from the alveoli of the mammary gland to the nipple

A

lactiferous duct

(anything pinned inside the breast)

89
Q

the central projection of the breast through which the lactiferous ducts exit, comprised partly of erctile tissue

A

nipple

90
Q

a pigmented region of the breast that surround the nipple

A

areola

Human Anatomy (10 decks)

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