Lower Muscles, Knee Joint, and Body Movements Flashcards
paired muscle forming the outermost layer of the lateral abdominal wall;
external abdominal oblique
compresses abdomianal wall, rotates trunk
Paired muscle forming the middle layer of the lateral abdiminal wall;
internal abdominal oblique
compresses abdominal wall, rotates trunk
deepest muscle in the abdominal area;
transversus adnominis
compresses abdominal wall
runs vertically on the anterior medial portion of the abdominal wall;
rectus abdominis
compresses and allows lateral rotation on the vertebral column
ABS
the muscle that might break when youe get pregnant
Vertical midline band in connective tissue within the abdominal wall
linea alba
exctends from the crest of the illium to the pubic tubercle
inguinal ligament
make the V
ricky the V was a guido, which shounds like inguinal
round muscle adjecent to iliacus;
orgin
insertion
Psoas Major
flexes hip and rotates femur laterally; flexes vertebral column
orgin: Transverse Processes and bodies of T12-L5
insertion: lesser trochanter
originates on the iliac crest, located deep and next to the kidneys;
Quadratus Lumborum
extends lumbar spine
its the triangle in front of the Kidney
composed of three muscle groups
erector spinae
its like a runway at SLI
Originates on spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; inserts on spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrea;
Spinalis
extends vertebral column
The S in SLI
closest to the spine
originates in the transverse processes of vertebrae (except upper cervical), inserts on transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae and ribs;
Longissimus
extends vertebral column
L in SLI
second closest to the spine
originates onribs and crest of ilium, inserts on posterier part of ribs and transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae;
Iliocostalis
extrends verteberal column
I of SLI
farthest from the spine
located on the superior portionof the back deep to the rhomboids
Serratus posterior superior
Serrated knife
located on the inferior and lateral portion of the back deep to the latissimus dorsi
serratus posterior inferior
serrated knife
very thin muscle that runs on either side of the spinouis process of the vertebrae from the sacrum to the axis; originates on the sacrum, erector spinea aponeurosis, posterior superior iliac spine, and the iliac crest; inserts on the spinous processes;
multifidus
acts to stablilize the vertebrae
c-shaped fibrocartilage located between the medial condyles providing cushion within the knee joint
medial meniscus
c-shaped fibrocartilage located between the lateral condyles providing cushion within the knee joint
lateral meniscus
ligament connecting the posterior side of the femur to the anterior surface of the tibia preventing anterior sliding of the tibia
anterior cruciate ligament
crucial to the knee
ligament connecting the anterior side of the femur to the posterior surface of the tibia preventing posterior sliding of the tibia
posterior cruciate ligament
crucial to the knee
ligament located on the lateral surface of the knee joint providing stability and prevents hyperaddution of the leg at the knee
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
ligament located on the medial surface of the knee joint providing stability and prevents hyperabdution of the leg at the knee
medial (tibular) collateral ligament
composed of two muscles as they join at the inginal ligament
iliopsoas
made up up iliacus and psoas major
originates on the iliac fossa; flexes hip and rotates femur laterally;
orgin
insertion
iliacus
flexes vertebral column
origin: iliac fossa
Insertion: lesser trochanter
small muscle medial to to the iliopsoas;
origin
insertion
pectineous
adducts and flexes femur
origin: superior ramus of the pubis
insertion: lesser trochanter
runs diagonally across anterior side of thigh from the ilium to the medial surface of tibia;
origin
insertion
sartorius
abducts femur and rotates leg laterally
notorius for being the longest
origin: anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: pes anserinus
muscle located on the superior, lateral aspect of thigh,
origin
insertion
tensor faciae latae
abducts fumur
Origin: iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: iliotibial tract
fiberous band extending from the iliac crest and gluteus maximus muscle, down the lateral thigh to the lateral condyle of the tibia
ilitibial tract
composed of four muscels
quadriceps femoris
runs vertically on the anterior side of thigh,
origin
insertion
rectus femoris
extends lower leg
rectus=straight so it is the straight muscle on the femur
origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
runs vertically of the lateral side of thigh;
origin
insertion
vastus lateralis
extends lower leg
wraps around to the posterior side as well
origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera
insertion: tibial tuberosity
directly beneath the rectus femoris;
origin
insertion
vastus intermedius
extends lower leg
origin: shaft of femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity
runs vertically on the medial side of thigh;
origin
insertion
vastus medialus
extends lower leg
origin: intertrochnateric line and linea aspera
insertion: tibial tuberosity
runs vertically from pubis along medial side of the thigh to the tibia;
origin
insertion
gracilis
adducts thigh and eternally rotates lower leg
when somebody touches your thigh (and you dont like them) you say NO GRACIUS
origin: inferior ramus and body of pubis
insertion: pes anserinus
most superficial adductor on medial side of thigh; adducts thigh;
adductor longus
flexes and externally rotates lower leg
small adductor between longus and magnus;
adductor brevis
adducts, flexes, and externaly rotates lower leg
Brevis=smaller so it is the smaller muscle that adducts the lower leg
largest adductor on medial side of thigh, adducts,
adductor magnus
flexes, and externally rotates lower leg
can see from the posteior view
largeest and most superficial gluteal muscle;
origin
insertion
gluteus maximus
extends thigh
origin: iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
insertion: gluteal tuberosityl liena aspera, ilotibial tract
middle gluteal muscle;
gluteus medius
abducts and rotates thigh medially
deepest gluteal muscle;
gluteus minimus
abducts thigh
pyramidial muscle inferior to gluteus medius;
piriformis
rotates thigh laterally
looks like a triange or piramid
inferior to the piriformis; runs from the ishial spine to the greater trochanter
superior gemellus
twin to inferior gemellus
located inferior to the superior gamellus
obturator externus
aids in lateral rotaion of the hip
inferior to the obturator extrenus; runs from the ischial tuberosity to the greater trochanter;
inferior gemellus
aids in lateral rotaion of the hip
twin to superior gemellus
most inferior of the deep hip rotaters
quadratus femoris
muscles in the posterior side of thigh
hamstrings
most medial;
origin
insertion
semimembranosus
flexes lower leg, extends and medilaly rotates leg
origin: ishial tuberosity
insertion: medial condyle of tibia
between the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris;
origin
insertion
semitendinosus
flexes lower leg, and extends and medially rotates thigh
origin: ishial tuberosity
insertion: pes anserinus
two headed muscle; most lateral;
biceps femoris
flexes lower leg, extends thigh and rotates it laterally
has two heads. two means bi
bony landmark medial to the tibial tuberosity; common tendonous insertion of the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinous
pes anserinus
small muscle on the posterior side of knee;
origin
insertion
plantaris
flexes foot and knee
looks like a plant stem
origin: lateral supracondylar rigde of femur
insertion: calcaneal tuberosity
deep muscle in the posterior region of knee;
origin
insertion
popliteus
flexes and rotates leg
origin: lateral condyle of femur
insertion: posterior surface of tibia
calf muscle;
Origin
insertion
gastrocnemius
flexes foot and knee
origin: medial and lateral epicondyles of femur
insertion: calcaneal tuberosity
beneath the gastrocnemius;
origin
insertion
soleus
plantar flexes foot
fish
origin: shaft of tibia and fibia
insertion: calcaneal tuberosity
tendon that connects gastrocnemius and soleus to calcaneus
calcaneal tendon
AKA Achilles tendon
originates on the tibia and fibula, inserts on metatarsals;
tibialis posterior
inversion and plantar flexion on foot
just posterior to the medal malleosus
originates on posterior surface of tibia, inserts on phlanges;
flexor digitorum longus
flexes digits
originates on posterior side of fibula, inserts on hallux;
flexor hallucis longus
flexes hallux
hallux=big toe
originates on tibia and fibula, inserts on first metatarsal,
peroneus (fibularis) longus
flexes and everts foot
originates on distal part of fibula, inserts on the fifth metatarsal;
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
flexes and everts foot
originates on anterior of surface fibula, inserts on fifth metatarsal;
peroneus (fibularis) tertius
flexes and everts foot
orignates on tibia and fibula, inserts on digits 2-5 (has four tendons);
extensor digitorum longus
extends and dorsiflexes digits/foot
originates on fibula, inserts on distal phalanx of hallux;
extensor hallucis longus
extends hallux
originates of on lateral condyle of tibia; inserts on first metatarsal;
tibialis anterior
dorsiflexes and inverts foot
just anterior to the medial malleus
four part muscle deep to the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus, originates on the calcaneus, inserts on digits 2-5
extensor digitorum brevis
helps extend digits 2-5
muscle on top of the foot, originates on the calcaneus, inserts on the hallux;
extensor hallucis brevis
helps to extend the hallux
movement that decreases the angle of the joint
flexion
an example of flexion that decreases the angle of the joint, e.g., raising the feet towards the body
dorsiflexion
a type of flexion that increases the joint angle, e.g., extendong the foot
plantar flexion
a type of moevement that increases the angle of a joint on a sagittal plane
straighening the knee
extension
bending a joint beyond it’s nomal resting position
hyperextension
movement of body away from the main axis
abduction
movement of body towards the main axis
addiction
add to the midline
turning of a bone around its own axis
rotation
turning backwards
supnation
you eat soup with your hands supinated
turning forward
pronation
how you pour the soup back when it doesnt taste good
circular of a body segament, such as a linb
circumduction
refers to the medial rotation of a foot frequently leading to a sprained ankel
inversion
lateral rotation of the foot
eversion
nonangular movement of body part foreward
protraction
you protract your jaw when you push it out
posterior movement of a body part
retraction
squareing your shoulders
portion of body lifted superiorly
elevation
shoulder shrug
potion of body moved inferiorly
depression
lowering the madible
two headed muscle; most lateral;
biceps femoris
has two heads. two means bi
