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Human Anatomy > Respiratory and Digestive Systems > Flashcards

Respiratory and Digestive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

nostrils

A

external nares

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2
Q

the internal region of the nose lined with ciliated mucus-secreting cells

A

nasal cavity

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3
Q

partition between nasal cavities; compsed of the ethmoid bone, perpendicualr plate, the vomer, and catailadge

A

nasal septum

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4
Q

ethmoid bones lined with mucosa, specialized to filter, warm, and moisten inspired air

A

turbinate bones

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5
Q

grooves between conchae for causing turbulence of incoming air

A

meatus

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6
Q

funnel-like passageway between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx

A

choanae (internal nares)

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7
Q

region that joins the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus

A

pharynx

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8
Q

upper portion of the pharynx that begins at the choanae and ends at the hard palate

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

lymaphatic tissue knnow as adenoids located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsil

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10
Q

part of the pharynx lined with stratified squamous epithelium that begins at the uvula and ends at the level of the hyoid bone

A

oropharynx

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11
Q

posterior portion of the roof of the mouth lacking bone

A

soft palate

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12
Q

posterior extension extension of the soft palate, elevates during swalloing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity

A

uvula

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13
Q

paired lymph nodes postitioned in the back of the throat

A

palatine tonsils

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14
Q

located posteriorly on the surface of the tounge

A

lingual tonsils

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15
Q

most inferior portion of the pharynx that continues from the level of the hyiod bone to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage, posterior to the larynx

A

laryngopharynx

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16
Q

contiues with the trachea inferiorly, prevents food from entering the lungs, also produces sound

A

larynx

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17
Q

largest and most anterior cartilage of larynx, does not wrap around the trachea, only the anterior aspect.

A

thyroid cartilage

(adams apple)

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18
Q

extends around the entire trachea, is small anteriorly and large posteriorly, connects thyroid cartilage to trachea inferiory

A

cricoid cartilage

(Mullet Cartlilage

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19
Q

cartilage located superior to cricoid and posterior to thyroid cartlilages, for attachment of vocal cords

A

arytenoid cartilage

(pinchers)

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20
Q

closes glottis upon swallowing to prevent food from entering respiratory tract

A

epiglottis

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21
Q

structure of the larynx composed of the vocal folds and space between them

A

glottis

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22
Q

pair of mucosal folds extending across upper opening of larynx from thyroid to arytenoid cartilages, vibrate to produce sound

A

vocal folds

(true vocal cords)

truth is deep

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23
Q

pair of horizontal mucosal folds superior to vocal folds; play no part in sound production

A

vestibular folds

(false vocal cords)

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24
Q

a large tube descending from the larynx, lined with ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelim, contaning several cartilagenous rings

A

trachea

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25
Q

internal ridge formed by last tracheal cartilage marking the division of trachea into bronchi; associated with the cough reflex

A

carina

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26
Q

series of branches that gradually get smaller from the trachea to the aveolar ducts

A

bronchial tree

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27
Q

first branch after the tracheal bifurcation

A

primary bronchi

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28
Q

second division, 3 on the right, 2 on the left; for each lobe of the lungs

A

secondary bronchi

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29
Q

third division; there may be up to 20 more divisions before reaching the bronchioles

A

tertiary bronchi

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30
Q

consists of superior, middle, and inferior lobes

A

right lung

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31
Q

consists of superior and inferior lobes

A

left lung

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32
Q

depression on the left lung’s medial border that accomadates the heart

A

cardiac notch

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33
Q

serous membrane intimatly associated with the outer surface of the lung

A

viseral pleura

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34
Q

serous membrane that lines the thoracic wall, the mediastium and the superior portion of the diaphragm

A

parietal pleura

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35
Q

moistened slit-like space between visceral and parietal pleurea, reduces friction, prevents adhesion

A

pleural cavity

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36
Q

dome-shaped muscle superior to the liver, moves inferiorly when contracted thereby increasing the thoracic volume for inspiration

A

diaphragm

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37
Q

paired nerve that innervates the diaphragm on each side to control rate of breathing

A

phrenic nerve

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38
Q

contraction elevates the ribs, increasing the capacity during insperation

A

external intercostal muscles

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39
Q

aid in insperation and also forced expiration

A

internal intercostal muscles

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40
Q

the mouth; mucosa-lined enterance to the digestive tract consisting of the following; cheeks, hard palate, platal rugae, labia, labila frenulum, oral vestibule.

A

oral cavity

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41
Q

lined with statified squamous epthetium contain the buccinator muscle

A

cheeks

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42
Q

the anterior superior portion of the oral cavity comprised of the platine process of the maxilla bone, and horizontal plates of the palatine bones

A

hard palate

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43
Q

irregular surface of the anterior hard palate

A

palatal rugae

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44
Q

lips, red fleshy area at the enterance of the to the mouth

A

labia

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45
Q

a mucous membrane that attaches the lips to the gum both superiorly and inferiorly

A

labial frenulum

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46
Q

the space between the lips or cheeks and the gums

A

oral vestibule

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47
Q

full set consists of 32 indvidualized structures

A

teeth

48
Q

4 upper, 4 lower anterior teeth eaching having a single root, cutters

A

incisors

49
Q

2 upper, 2 lower teeth each having a single root, used to pierce and tear food

A

canines

50
Q

4 upper and 4 lower bicuspids each with roots, used for grinding food

A

premolars (bicuspids)

51
Q

6 upper and 6 lower teeth, the last of which are called wisdom teeth, two to three roots, and four or five cusps, best teeth for grinding

A

molars

52
Q

irregular chewing surface on molars and premolars that fit into valleys of the opposite molars for crushing food

A

cusp

53
Q

anchors the tooth by embedding in the alveoli of the mandible

A

root

54
Q

sockets lined with connective tissue in which teeth are fastened

A

aveoli

55
Q

the hardest substance found in the body, located on the outermost portion of the tooth

A

enamel

56
Q

layer beneath the enamel of a tooth. comprises most of the mass of the tooth, between bone and enamel in terms of hardness

A

dentin

57
Q

innermost portion of the tooth that contains blood vessles and nerves

A

pulp

58
Q

gums, surrounds the alveolar processes, continous with peridontal ligament, anchors the tooth in the socket

A

gingiva

59
Q

tubuloarveolar stuctures which secrete saliva for digesting starches and lubrication oropharynx with mucus to enhance swallowing

A

salivary glands

60
Q

largest of these glands, located inferior and anterior to the external ear beneath the skin, becomes swollen following infestation with mumps virus

A

parotoid salivary glands

(sounds like parrot and it sits on your shoulder)

61
Q

this gland lies inferomedial to the body of the madible

A

submandibular salivary gland

62
Q

lies inferior to the tounge and anterior to the submandibular gland

A

sublingual salivary gland

63
Q

serous membrane covering the organs of the abdominal cavity, largest serous membrane in the body

A

visceral peritoneum

64
Q

serous membrane that lines the abdomial and pelvic cavities

A

parietal peritoneum

65
Q

the space bewteen the visceral and parietal peritoneal membranes

A

peritoneal cavity

66
Q

the fan shaped fold of peritoneum that suspends most of the small intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentary proper

67
Q

extends from the inferior surface of the liver and attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach where it then runs continous with the stomachs visceral peritoneum

A

lesser omentum

68
Q

mesentary which anchors the greater curvature of the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall, drapes over most of the abdominal organs

A

greater omentum

69
Q

upper portion of the GI and respiratory tracts where food enters the esophagus

A

pharynx

70
Q

a collapsed tube (when empty) located posterior to the trachea, emties into the stomach

A

esophagus

71
Q

circualar muscle at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

72
Q

the most distended part of the GI tract; stores food and converts it to chyme which is emptied into the small intestine

A

stomach

73
Q

region of the stomach attached to the esophagus

A

cardiac region

74
Q

the most superior portion of the stomach, touches the diaphragm

A

fundus

75
Q

the major portion of the stomach, inferior to the fundus

A

body

76
Q

the left convex margin of the stomach

A

greater curvature

77
Q

the right concave margin of the stomach

A

lesser curvature

78
Q

viasable folds on the inner stomach which allows the walls to streTCH

A

gastric rugae

79
Q

the teminal portion of the stomach, leads to the duodenum.

A

pyloric region

80
Q

a citcular muscle the controls transport of chyme from the stomach the the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

81
Q

longest part of the GI tract, located between the pyloric sphincter and the ilieocecal valve of the large intestine, responsible for digestions and absorbtion of food

A

small intestine

82
Q

macroscopic folds in the small intestine which increase surface area to enhance nutrient absorbion

A

plicae circulares

(ballarinas do pleas and they do them in a circular motion)

83
Q

the c-shaped superior portion of the small intestine that recives bile from gallbladder and digestive enzymes from pancreas; 12 inches

A

duodenum

(when pinned, they will always pin it so that you can see the pyloric sphincter

84
Q

the middle portion of the small intestine characterized by a relitively larger lumen and increased number of plicae circulares; 8 feet

A

jejunm

(when pinned, wont be able to see the pyloric sphincter or the cecal spincter)

85
Q

terminal portion of the small intestine, contain numerous lymphatics in the walls; 12 feet

A

ileum

(when pinned, will be able to see the cecal sphincer)

86
Q

a sphincter located on the terminal end of the ileum that prohibits backflow of chyme into the small intestine

A

ileocecal valve

87
Q

from ileocecal valve to the anal canal, this part of the GI tract absorbs water and elctrolytes from the chyme and forms and expels feces

A

large intestine

88
Q

an enlargement of the large intestine on the right lower abdomen near the iliocecal valve

A

cecum

89
Q

a worm-like appendage on the cecum that countains lymphatic tissure

A

appendix

90
Q

a shiny band of longitudinal muscle along the entire length of the large intestine for movement of feces

A

teniae coli

(tenga poop)

91
Q

bulges in the wall of the large intestine cause by contractions of teniae coli

A

haustra

(house of poop)

92
Q

fat accumulations on visceral peritoneum of large intestine

A

epiploic appendages

93
Q

portion of the colon along the right side of the abdomen from the secum to the level of the kidney

A

ascending colon

94
Q

curvature of the colon of the right side of the abdomen near the liver

A

hepatic flexure

95
Q

middle portion of the colon where it crosses the upper abdominal cavity

A

transverse colon

96
Q

opposite the hepatic flexure, the left curvature of the colon near the speen

A

splenic flexure

97
Q

the portion of the colon which descends on the left side of the abdominal wall

A

descending colon

98
Q

the s-shaped bend at the terminal end of the colon

A

sigmoid colon

99
Q

terminal inch of the large intestine following the rectum

A

anal canal

100
Q

located within the walls of the anal canal, involuntary smooth muscle

A

internal anal sphincter

101
Q

located outside the anal canal, composed of voluntary skelatal muscle

A

external anal sphincter

102
Q

external opening of the anal canal

A

anus

103
Q

6 inch portion of the GI tract following the sigmoid colon, strong muscular contractions expel the feces

A

rectum

104
Q

a large organ located in the upper abdomen, inferior to the diaphragm, stores glycogen, detoxifies the blood and synthasizes bile

A

liver

105
Q

the largest lobe and the right side

A

right lobe

106
Q

intermediate size, on the left side

A

left lobe

107
Q

small lobe of the liver, part of the right lobe, located next to the gallbladder

A

quadrate lobe

(square)

108
Q

small lobe on the lover, part of the left lobe, located next to the gallbladder

A

caudate lobe

(tail)

109
Q

a ligament that seperates the left anf right lobes of the liver and connects the liver to the diaphragm

A

falciform ligament

110
Q

collects bile from the right side of the liver

A

right hepatic duct

111
Q

collects bile from left side of liver

A

left hepatic duct

112
Q

formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts; the duct through which bile from the liver moves to the cystic and common bile ducts

A

common hepatic duct

113
Q

a muscular sac attached to the inferior aspect of the liver, stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver

A

gallbladder

114
Q

a passage for bile from the gallbladder, meets with common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct

A

cystic duct

115
Q

the duct formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct, conveys bile to the duodenum

A

common bile duct

116
Q

lobulated organ the lies horizontal and inferior to the stomach; secretes digestive enzymes; insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

Human Anatomy (10 decks)

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