Urinary Flashcards
Renal Agenesis
A condition in which a newborn is missing one or both kidneys. Unilateral renal agenesis is the absence
of one kidney. Bilateral renal agenesis is the absence of both kidneys, which is typically not survivable
Supernumerary Kidney
A rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital system, where there are one or two accessory kidneys. The
anomaly is usually asymptomatic but may be accompanied by other anomalies such as ureteral atresia,
vaginal atresia, horseshoe kidney, complete duplication of urethra and penis with an ectopic ureteral
opening into the vagina, imperforate anus, ventricular septal defects, meningomyelocele, and
coarctation of the aorta
Hypoplastic Kidney
An abnormality that a person is born with in which one or both of the kidneys are smaller than normal
but with normal structure. This condition may lead to a higher incidence of kidney disease and/or
failure
Horseshoe Kidney
The most common type of renal fusion anomaly. It consists of two distinct functioning kidneys on each
side of the midline, connected at the lower poles (or rarely at the upper poles) by an isthmus of
functioning renal parenchyma or fibrous tissue that crosses the midline of the body. This condition is
typically asymptomatic.
Ectopic Kidney
A birth defect in which a kidney is located in an abnormal position. In most cases, people with an ectopic
kidney are asymptomatic. In other cases, the ectopic kidney may create urinary problems, such as urine
blockage, infection, or urinary stones.
Nephroptosis
A rare condition where one or both kidneys drop down into the pelvis when they stand up.
Nephroptosis may be asymptomatic, or in some cases can cause severe symptoms, including flank pain
and blood in the urine. Surgery to stabilize the position of the kidney(s) may be considered for
symptomatic patients.
Ureterocele
DILATION of the end of the ureter as it enters the bladder
caused by STENOSIS of the ureteral orifice
happen in females more than males
The swollen area can block urine flow and can cause increased infection
Urinary diverticula (UD)
A rare condition where an unwanted pocket or sac forms along the urethra. UD most often occurs in
women; symptoms can include pain, frequent urinary tract infections, blood in urine and incontinence
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Causes numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys. These cysts are filled with fluid.
If too many cysts grow or if they get too big, the kidneys can become damaged.
reducing kidney function and leading to kidney failure.
Pyelonephritis
UTI that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels to one
or both of your kidneys.
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli
may occur on its own or as part of another disease, such as lupus or
diabetes.
Symptoms may include pink or cola-colored urine from red blood cells in your urine
(hematuria), foamy urine due to excess protein (proteinuria), high blood pressure (hypertension), fluid
retention (edema) with swelling in the face, hands, feet and abdomen.
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder.
In most cases, the cause of cystitis is a urinary tract infection (UTI).
Most common nosocojial infection because of catheters
Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with urination, frequent urination, and
feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder. May resolve on its own or require
antibiotic treatment
Renal Calculi
Kidney stones
hard deposits of minerals and acid salts that stick together in concentrated urine.
Staghorn Calculi
LARGE branched stones that fill all or part of the renal pelvis and branch into several or all of the
calyces.
treated surgically, usually PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) and/or ESWL (extracorporeal shockwave
lithotripsy) with the entire stone removed, including small fragments.
Renal Colic
type of abdominal pain commonly caused by obstruction of ureter from dislodged kidney stones.
most frequent site of obstruction is the vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ), the narrowest point of the upper urinary tract
Hydronephrosis
excess fluid in a kidney due to a backup of urine.
caused by a blockage in the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder (ureter).
Renal cysts
Sacs of fluid that form in the kidneys.
Renal cysts become fairly common as people age and usually do not cause symptoms or harm.
Renal Cell Carcinoma
The most common kind of kidney cancer found in adults.
It often starts as just one tumor in a kidney,
but sometimes it begins as several tumors, or it’s found in both kidneys at once.
Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)
most common cancer of the kidneys in children.
With appropriate treatment, the outlook for most children with
Wilms’ tumor is very good.
