Traumatic Bone Flashcards
Compression/Wedge Fracture
Results in decrease length/width of bone because of pressure
Most common vertebral body injury
Typically thoracic and lumbar
most common area: T11-12, T12-L1
Seat belt/Chance fracture
Transverse fracture of lumbar vertebral body
Happens when spine is forcefully flexed over a seatbelt during a collision
Odontoid fracture
Fracture of c2 odontoid and c2 body
Most common c spine fracture for elderly because of falls
Hangman’s fracture
Fracture of c2 arch AND anterior sublexation of C2 over C3
Jefferson fracture
Burst fracture of C1 due to severe force causing compression
Clay Shoveler’s fracture
Avulsion fracture of spinous process
Spinous process is split
Due to muscular ligament/tendon during flexion and extention
Usually in c6/7 spot
Linear skull fractures
Straight, sharply defined
80% of skull fractures
Depressed Skull fractures
Curvilinear and overlapping edges
Skull cortex pushed into inner cancellous bone squishing and pushing brain
Basilar skull fracture
Fractures at the base of the skull
Hemorrhage
Loss of a lot of blood
Hematoma
Pool of blood that has collected and clotted
Hemothorax
Blood build up in chest/lung wall
Hemopericardium
Blood accumulation in pericardium
Hemoperitoneum
Blood accumulation in the peritoneum
Hemoarthosis
Blood accumulation in joint space
Has lots of swelling
Cerebral hematoma
When blood pools near or in the brain
Cause an increase in pressure
Epidural Cerebral Hematoma
Blood pools between brain and dura mater
Highest mortality rate
Blood pools very quickly
High chance of coma
Subdural Cerebral Hematoma
Blood buildup between brain and outermost protective layer
Follows after blunt force trauma
Subarachnoid Cerebral Hematoma
Bleeding in space between brain and arachnid membrane
Happens in vertex, where greatest amount of movement
Intracerebral Cerebral Hematoma
Bleeding inside brain tissue
Developed in non Traumatic cases
How does a fracture heal?
• Clot forms to bridge fracture
• Osteoblast appears 2-3 days
• Provisional callus (cartilage) develops one week after
• Calcium deposited into cartilage creating Callus
• Break is rigidly united within 4-6 weeks
• Total healing in months
Delayed Union fracture healing
Does not heal within usual amount of time
Malunion fracture healing
Heals in a faulty position impairing function or appearance
Nonunion fracture healing
Bone fragments do not join often due to lac of vascularization
External/Closed Reduction
Manipulation without surgery
Splint, casts
Internal/Open reduction
Orthopedic hardware required or irrigation necessary
Surgery
Wolff’s Law
bone will remodel and adapt its structure and density in response to the mechanical stresses placed upon it
Jones Fracture
Avulsion fracture of base of 5th metatarsal
Commonly seen on a person who falls down the stairs or steps off curb wrong
Stress fracture
Tiny cracks in bones
Most common in weight bearing bones
Caused by repetitive force often from overuse
Navicular fracture
Break in scaphoid
Healing is slow due to not so goodb,good supply
Colles fracture
Transverse fracture of distal radius proximal towrist joint with posterior displacement of distal fracture fragment
Cause by fall on extended wrist
Smith’s fracture
Transverse fracture of distal radius with associated volar or anterior angulation of the distal fracture fragments
Causes by fall onto flexed wrist
Reverse of colles fracture
Boxer’s fracture
Fracture of neck of 5th metacarpal bone
Typically occurs after a personhits and object with a closed fist
Pott’s fracture
Bimalleolar fracture of lower leg with dislocation of ankle joint
One transverse and the other oblique/spiral fracture
Trimalleolar includes posterior lip of tibia
Maisonnneuve fracture
Severe ankle sprain causes fracture of proximal third of fibula
Osgood Schlatter Disease
Inflammation of patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity
Ligaments and tendons pulling tibial tuberosity away from tibia
Dislocation
Complete displacement of bones that form a joint are forced from their normal positions
Sublexation
Incomplete or partial dislocationof a joint
Diastasis
The seperation of normally joined parts
Widening of normally uniting bones, usually an immoveable joint
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
Primary ossifiction site
Epiphysis
Expanded end portion of bone
Secondary site of ossification
Metaphysis
Growth zone between Epiphysis and diaphysis
Periosteum
Outermost fibrous membrane that encloses all of the bone
Axial Bones
Skull, thorax, spine
80specific bones
Appendicular Bones
Anything other than axial bones
126 specific bones
Compact bone
Dense hard outer layer
Cancellous/spongey/trabecular bone
In the middle and at the end of the bone
Porous, lattice like texture
Referred to diploe in the skull
Fibrous/Synovial joint
Fixed, immoveable
Cartilaginous/amphiarthrodial
Slightly moveable
Synovial/diarthrodial
Moveable
Closed/simple fracture
Fracture stays inside body, skin is not penetrated
Open/compound fracture
Bone has penetrated through skin
Open route can lead to infection
Comminuted fracture
Bone is broken into many pieces
Noncomminuted fracture
Bone is broken into 2 clean pieces
Impacted bone
When one fractured bone end is jammed into tissue of another fragment
Avulsion fracture
Bone fragment is pulled away from shaft
Usually occurs around joints
Incomplete fracture
Broken but not entirely seperated
Monteggia Fracture
Fracture of ulna
Dislocation of radius
Galeazzi fracture
Fracture of radius
Dislocation of ulna
