Redproductive Flashcards
Fibroadenoma
A solid, noncancerous breast lump that occurs most often in women between the ages of 15 and 35. A
fibroadenoma might feel firm, smooth, rubbery or hard and has a well-defined shape
Fibrocystic Breast
A common, benign condition in which the breasts feel lumpy. The condition is likely due to hormone
changes during the menstrual cycle that affect breast tissue. Symptoms include a change in breast
texture, pain or tenderness, and lumpiness.
Breast Carcinoma
A cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. Breast cancer can occur in women and rarely in men.
Symptoms of breast cancer include a lump in the breast, bloody discharge from the nipple, and changes
in the shape or texture of the nipple or breast. Types of breast cancer include ductal carcinoma in situ,
invasive ductal carcinoma, inflammatory breast cancer, and metastatic breast cancer
Peau d’ Orange
French term meaning “orange peel” or “orange skin.” It is used to describe a symptom in which the skin
becomes thick and pitted, with a texture and appearance similar to that of orange peel. Redness and
tenderness of the skin, scaling, and a dark coloring may also occur. Peau d’orange in the breast may be
a symptom of inflammatory breast cance
Ovarian Cysts/Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOS)
A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges. Women with PCOS
produce higher-than-normal amounts of male hormones. This hormone imbalance causes them to skip
menstrual periods and makes it harder for them to get pregnant
Dermoid Cyst
A saclike growth that is present at birth. It contains structures such as hair, fluid, teeth, or skin glands
that can be found on or in the skin. Dermoid cysts grow slowly and are not tender unless ruptured. They
usually occur on the face, inside the skull, on the lower back, and in the ovaries.
Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomas)
noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. Also called
leiomyomas, uterine fibroids aren’t associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer and almost never
develop into cancer. Symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, and pelvic pain.
In some cases, there are no symptoms. Treatments include medications and removal of the fibroid.
Endometriosis
A painful disorder in which tissue similar to the tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus — the
endometrium — grows outside your uterus. The most common symptoms are pain and menstrual
irregularities. Effective treatments, such as hormones and excision surgery, are available.
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH
Also called prostate gland enlargement — is a common condition as men get older. This type of prostate
enlargement isn’t thought to be a precursor to prostate cancer. With this condition, the urinary stream
may be weak, or stop and start. In some cases, it can lead to infection, bladder stones, and reduced
kidney function. Treatments include medications that relax the bladder or shrink the prostate, surgery,
and minimally invasive surgery
Prostate Cancer
The most common cancer among men (after skin cancer), but it can often be treated successfully. Some
types of prostate cancer grow slowly. In some of these cases, monitoring is recommended. Other types
are aggressive and require radiation, surgery, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or other treatments.
Symptoms include difficulty with urination, but sometimes there are no symptoms at all.
Gynecomastia
A benign enlargement or swelling of breast tissue in males. It is most commonly caused by male
estrogen levels that are too high or are out of balance with testosterone levels. Symptoms are breast
tissue swelling and tenderness. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying condition.
Syphilis
A bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. Syphilis develops in stages, and symptoms vary
with each stage. The first stage involves a painless sore on the genitals, rectum, or mouth. After the
initial sore heals, the second stage is characterized by a rash. Then, there are no symptoms until the
final stage which may occur years later. This final stage can result in damage to the brain, nerves, eyes,
or heart. Syphilis is treated with penicillin
Congenital Syphilis
Occurs when a child is born to a mother with syphilis. Untreated early syphilis infections result in a high
risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, including saddle nose, lower extremity abnormalities, miscarriages,
premature births, stillbirths, or death in newborns. Some infants with congenital syphilis have symptoms
at birth, but many develop symptoms later. If symptoms of syphilis are untreated in infants, they can
develop the symptoms of latent syphilis, including damage to their bones, teeth, eyes, ears, and brain.
