Urinary Flashcards
the major excretory system of the body
urinary system
components of urinary system
- two kidneys
- two ureters
- one urinary bladder
- one urethra
Functions of Urinary system
- excretion
- regulation of blood volume and pressure
- regulation of blood solute concentration
- regulation of extracellular fluid pH
- regulation of ref blood cell synthesis
- regulation of vitamin D synthesis
Dark red, bean shaped organs about the size of a tightly clenched fist
kidneys
what kidney is lower than the other due to the position of the liver
right kidney is slightly lower than left
layer of connective tissue that surrounds each kidneys
renal capsule
what surrounds the outside of the renal capsule which cushions and protects the kidneys
thick layer of adipose tissue
thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds the adipose tissue and helps anchor the kidneys to the abdominal wall
renal fascia
notch/indentation in the kidney
renal hilum
serves as passageway of structures entering and leaving the kidneys
renal hilum
adipose filled space or cavity that the renal arteries, renal veins, and renal pelvis occupy inside the kidney
renal sinus
two major regions of the kidneys
cortex and medulla (surrounds the renal sinus)
three dimensional cones leading to the minor calyx
renal pyramids
funnel shaped structure that forms the major calyx
minor calyx
merged two or more minor calyces
major calyx
they act like funnels that collect and deliver urine to the renal pelvis
calyces
microscopic functional unit of the kidney
nephron
each kidney contains approximately how many nephrons?
1 - 1.5 million nephrons
they are responsible for removal of waste and reabsorption of nutrients
nephron
two types of nephrons
- juxtamedullary nephrons
- cortical nephrons
have renal corpuscles that are found deep in the cortex near the medulla
juxtamedullary nephrons
have long loops of henle, which extend deep into the medulla
juxtamedullary nephrons
distributed throughout the cortex
cortical nephrons
their loops of henle are shorter than those of juxtamedullary nephrons and are closer to the outer edge of the cortex
cortical nephrons
renal functions
- renal blood flow
- glomerular filtration
- tubular reabsorption
- tubular secretion
renal blood flow
- renal artery
- afferent arteriole
- glomerulus
- efferent arteriole
- peritubular capillaries
- vasa recta
- renal vein
renal corpuscle composition
composed of glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
network of capillaries twisted around each other like a ball of yarn
glomerulus
fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries
glomerular filtrate
an indented, double-walled chamber surrounding the glomerulus
bowman capsule
two layers of bowman capsule
parietal and visceral layer
constructed of simple squamous epithelial cells
parietal layer
constructed of specialized cells which wraps around the glomerulus
podocytes
filtration membrane
- fenestrated capillary endothelium
- the basement membrane
- the podocytes of the bowman capsule - forms filtration slits
urinary filtrate flow
- bowman capsule
- proximal convoluted tubule
- descending loop of henle
- ascending loop of henle
- distal convoluted tubule
- collecting duct
- renal calyces
- ureter
- bladder
- urethra
The functional unit of the kidney is called a
nephron
proper sequence of structures in the nephron?
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- glomerulus
- nephron loop
- distal convoluted tubule
It is secreted from the kidney when the blood pressure decreases and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme.
renin
sequence in which urine flows through the kidney toward the urinary bladder
- Papillary duct
- minor calyx
- major calyx
- renal pelvis
- ureter.
Pus in the urine
pyuria
Protein in the urine
Albuminuria
location of the kidneys
between 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra
weight of kidney
5 oz
protects and acts as a barrier
renal capsule
contains renal artery, veins, nerves, and ureter
hilum
contains renal pelvis, blood vessels, fat
renal sinus
outer portion
renal cortex
inner portion
renal medulla
junction between cortex and medulla
renal pyramid
