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Systems > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

the major excretory system of the body

A

urinary system

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2
Q

components of urinary system

A
  • two kidneys
  • two ureters
  • one urinary bladder
  • one urethra
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3
Q

Functions of Urinary system

A
  1. excretion
  2. regulation of blood volume and pressure
  3. regulation of blood solute concentration
  4. regulation of extracellular fluid pH
  5. regulation of ref blood cell synthesis
  6. regulation of vitamin D synthesis
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4
Q

Dark red, bean shaped organs about the size of a tightly clenched fist

A

kidneys

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5
Q

what kidney is lower than the other due to the position of the liver

A

right kidney is slightly lower than left

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6
Q

layer of connective tissue that surrounds each kidneys

A

renal capsule

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7
Q

what surrounds the outside of the renal capsule which cushions and protects the kidneys

A

thick layer of adipose tissue

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8
Q

thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds the adipose tissue and helps anchor the kidneys to the abdominal wall

A

renal fascia

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9
Q

notch/indentation in the kidney

A

renal hilum

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10
Q

serves as passageway of structures entering and leaving the kidneys

A

renal hilum

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11
Q

adipose filled space or cavity that the renal arteries, renal veins, and renal pelvis occupy inside the kidney

A

renal sinus

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12
Q

two major regions of the kidneys

A

cortex and medulla (surrounds the renal sinus)

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13
Q

three dimensional cones leading to the minor calyx

A

renal pyramids

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14
Q

funnel shaped structure that forms the major calyx

A

minor calyx

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15
Q

merged two or more minor calyces

A

major calyx

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16
Q

they act like funnels that collect and deliver urine to the renal pelvis

A

calyces

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17
Q

microscopic functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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18
Q

each kidney contains approximately how many nephrons?

A

1 - 1.5 million nephrons

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19
Q

they are responsible for removal of waste and reabsorption of nutrients

A

nephron

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20
Q

two types of nephrons

A
  1. juxtamedullary nephrons
  2. cortical nephrons
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21
Q

have renal corpuscles that are found deep in the cortex near the medulla

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

22
Q

have long loops of henle, which extend deep into the medulla

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

23
Q

distributed throughout the cortex

A

cortical nephrons

24
Q

their loops of henle are shorter than those of juxtamedullary nephrons and are closer to the outer edge of the cortex

A

cortical nephrons

25
Q

renal functions

A
  1. renal blood flow
  2. glomerular filtration
  3. tubular reabsorption
  4. tubular secretion
26
Q

renal blood flow

A
  1. renal artery
  2. afferent arteriole
  3. glomerulus
  4. efferent arteriole
  5. peritubular capillaries
  6. vasa recta
  7. renal vein
27
Q

renal corpuscle composition

A

composed of glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

28
Q

network of capillaries twisted around each other like a ball of yarn

A

glomerulus

29
Q

fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries

A

glomerular filtrate

30
Q

an indented, double-walled chamber surrounding the glomerulus

A

bowman capsule

31
Q

two layers of bowman capsule

A

parietal and visceral layer

32
Q

constructed of simple squamous epithelial cells

A

parietal layer

33
Q

constructed of specialized cells which wraps around the glomerulus

A

podocytes

34
Q

filtration membrane

A
  1. fenestrated capillary endothelium
  2. the basement membrane
  3. the podocytes of the bowman capsule - forms filtration slits
35
Q

urinary filtrate flow

A
  1. bowman capsule
  2. proximal convoluted tubule
  3. descending loop of henle
  4. ascending loop of henle
  5. distal convoluted tubule
  6. collecting duct
  7. renal calyces
  8. ureter
  9. bladder
  10. urethra
36
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is called a

A

nephron

37
Q

proper sequence of structures in the nephron?

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule
  2. glomerulus
  3. nephron loop
  4. distal convoluted tubule
38
Q

It is secreted from the kidney when the blood pressure decreases and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme.

A

renin

39
Q

sequence in which urine flows through the kidney toward the urinary bladder

A
  1. Papillary duct
  2. minor calyx
  3. major calyx
  4. renal pelvis
  5. ureter.
40
Q

Pus in the urine

A

pyuria

41
Q

Protein in the urine

A

Albuminuria

42
Q

location of the kidneys

A

between 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra

43
Q

weight of kidney

A

5 oz

44
Q

protects and acts as a barrier

A

renal capsule

45
Q

contains renal artery, veins, nerves, and ureter

A

hilum

46
Q

contains renal pelvis, blood vessels, fat

A

renal sinus

47
Q

outer portion

A

renal cortex

48
Q

inner portion

A

renal medulla

49
Q

junction between cortex and medulla

A

renal pyramid

50
Q
A

Systems (7 decks)

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