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Systems > Muscular > Flashcards

Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

The muscle plasma membrane in the area of the junction.

A

Postsynaptic membrane

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2
Q

Located beneath the gluteus maximus.

A

gluteus medius

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3
Q

Covers the anterolateral neck.

A

platysma

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4
Q

Sacs that contain the neurotransmitter ­ acetylcholine

A

Synaptic vesicles

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5
Q

Action: flex the spine laterally and Extends the lumbar spine

A

quadratus lumborum

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6
Q

it is a loose connective tissue serving as passageways for blood vessels and nerves that supply each fascicle

A

perimysium

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7
Q

voluntary muscle and constitutes about 40% of the body’s weight

A

skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Action: the prime mover of arm

A

deltoid

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9
Q

compresses base of penis or clitoris

A

ischiocavernosus

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10
Q

Serves as passageways for nerve fibers and blood vessels that supply each separate muscle fiber.

A

endomysium

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11
Q

attached to bones

A

skeletal muscle

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12
Q

AKA “Prayer” muscle

A

sternocleidomastoid

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13
Q

Similarly to convergent muscles, have fascicles that are organized parallel to the long axis of the muscle, but they terminate on a flat tendon that spans the width of the entire muscle.

A

parallel muscles

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14
Q

round-shaped muscle

A

teres

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15
Q

Forms a connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle.

A

epimysium

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16
Q

E.g. Longitudinal, transverse, and vertical (not illustrated)

A

intrinsic muscle

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17
Q

AKA the “smiling” muscle.

A

Zygomaticus

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18
Q

Covers the angle of the lower jaw.

A

masseter

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19
Q

Compress the abdominal content

A

transverse abdominis

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20
Q

a muscle located in the arm

A

brachial (arm) muscle

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21
Q

Runs from the zygomatic process of the mandible to the mandible.

A

masseter

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22
Q

Action: Flexing the neck (bowing) and Tilting of the head

A

sternocleidomastoid

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23
Q

Action:
Flex the vertebral column,
compresses center of abdomen, Involve in breathing

A

rectus abdominis

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24
Q

attach muscle to the bones

A

tendons or aponeuroses

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25
Q

Action: prime mover of hip flexion; keep the upper body from failing backward

A

iliopsoas

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26
Q

E.g. Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid

A

suprahyoid group

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27
Q

Action: acts to adduct and flex the arms

A

pectoralis major

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28
Q

triangular-shaped muscle

A

deltoid

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29
Q

action: sneering

A

levator labii superioris

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30
Q

E.g. Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

A

infrahyoid group

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31
Q

ability to shorten

A

contractility

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32
Q

Found entirely within the tongue

A

intrinsic muscle

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33
Q

long muscle

A

longus

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34
Q

Action: Plantar flexion and everts the foot

A

fibularis muscles

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35
Q

Are chains of tiny contractual units forming the myofibrils.

A

sarcomeres

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36
Q

composed of two muscles: iliacus and psoas

A

iliopsoas

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37
Q

The layer of connective tissue between adjacent muscles and between muscles and the skin

A

muscular fascia

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38
Q

number of nucleus in muscle fibers

A

multinucleated (many nuclei)

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39
Q

it is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as stomach and uterus, and tubes, such as blood vessels and ducts of certain glands

A

smooth muscle

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40
Q

moves during quiet breathing

A

diaphragm

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41
Q

Action: extends and adducts the humerus.

A

latissimus dorsi

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42
Q

Are those whose fascicles run the length of the entire muscle and taper at each end to terminate at tendons.

A

Fusiform muscles

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43
Q

a muscle that has three heads (origins).

A

triceps

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44
Q

types of pennate patterns

A
  1. unipennate muscle
  2. bipennate muscle
  3. multipennate muscle
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45
Q

Covers the lower back.

A

latissimus dorsi

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46
Q

functional properties of the muscle

A
  1. contractility
  2. extensibility
  3. excitability
  4. elasticity
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47
Q

Action:
Prime mover of the forearm.
Lifts the radius.

A

biceps brachii

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48
Q

Action: elevate ribs for inspiration.

A

External intercostals

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49
Q

Function: Close the jaw by elevating the mandible

A

masseter

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50
Q

thin myofilament

A

actin

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51
Q

Have their fascicles arranged in a circular around an opening and act as sphincters (constrictors) to close the opening.

A

circular muscles

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52
Q

Span the entire length of the vertebral column

A

erector spine

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53
Q

a muscle located in the buttock

A

gluteus (buttock) muscle

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54
Q

Covers the posterior aspect of the skull

A

occipitalis

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55
Q

Deep muscles. Found between the ribs.

A

Intercostal muscle

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56
Q

Is a delicate layer of connective tissue that separates the individual muscle fibers within each fascicle.

A

endomysium

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57
Q

Action includes pulling of the scalp posteriorly

A

occipitalis

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58
Q

Between ribs
Action: Elevates ribs

A

serratus anterior

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59
Q

examples of myofilament

A

actin and myosin

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60
Q

this muscle has a wider belly than the ends of the muscle.

A

fusiform muscles

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61
Q

plasma membrane of muscle cells

A

sarcolemma

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62
Q

Have fascicles that join at one common tendon from a wide area, which creates muscles that are triangular in shape.

A

convergent muscles

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63
Q

Deepest muscle of the abdominal wall

A

transverse abdominis

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64
Q

The biceps brachii, which flexes the forearm, is an example of this muscle

A

fusiform muscles

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65
Q

also known as the “kissing” muscle

A

orbicularis oris

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66
Q

Extends from the corner of the mouth to the cheekbone.

A

Zygomaticus

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67
Q

proteins that make up myofibrils

A

myofilament

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68
Q

Long thread like extension of the neuron.

A

Axon or nerve fiber

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69
Q

Most superficial muscle of the neck and upper trunk.

A

Trapezius

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70
Q

Function:
Help change the shape of the tongue.
Movement of the tongue.

A

extrinsic muscle

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71
Q

Covers the frontal bone.

A

frontalis

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72
Q

Runs from cranial aponeurosis to the skin of the eyebrows.

A

frontalis

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73
Q

involuntary and its contractions provide the majority force for moving blood through the circulatory system

A

cardiac muscle

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74
Q

keeps orifice of anal canal closed

A

external anal sphincter

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75
Q

Function: Acts as synergist to the masseter in closing the jaw.

A

temporalis

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76
Q

resemble 2 strands of pearls

A

actin

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77
Q

three connective tissue layers of the skeletal muscle

A
  1. epimysium
  2. perimysium
  3. endomysium
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78
Q

Consist of three columns
- Longissimus
- Iliocostalis
- Spinalis

A

erector spine

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79
Q

Shoulder; Triangular-shaped muscle that forms the rounded shape of the shoulder

A

Deltoid

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80
Q

Consists of delicate filaments that hold the myosin myofilaments in place

A

M line

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81
Q

Action: Flex the vertebral column; Rotate the trunk and bend it laterally; Compresses abdomen.

A

external abdominal oblique

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82
Q

Paired strap-like abdominal muscle

A

rectus abdominis

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83
Q

causes crow’s feet

A

orbicularis oculi

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84
Q

Found outside of the tongue but attached to it.

A

extrinsic muscle

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85
Q

One neuron and all the skeletal muscle it stimulate.

A

Motor unit

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86
Q

Subdivides each whole muscle into numerous, visible bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles.

A

perimysium

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87
Q

Muscles have fascicles that emerge like the barbs on a feather from a common tendon that runs the length of the entire muscle.

A

pennate

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88
Q

a connective tissue coverings that has a layer of dense irregular connective tissue

A

epimysium

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89
Q

front of thigh; extends knee and flexes hip

A

rectus femoris

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90
Q

locomotion, facial expressions, posture, respiratory function, speech, and other body movements are due to the contraction of what muscle

A

skeletal muscle

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91
Q

tube-like inward folds of the sarcolemma

A

transverse tubules or T tubules

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92
Q

Action includes closing of the mouth and protrusion of the lips

A

orbicularis oris

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93
Q

a muscle located in the chest

A

pectoralis (chest) muscle

94
Q

short muscle

A

brevis

95
Q

action: looking to the side

A

lateral rectus

96
Q

Front of lower leg
Action: Dorsiflexion and Invertion of foot

A

tibialis anterior

97
Q

a darker area in the midline of the light (I) band

A

Z disk

98
Q

respond to stimulus

A

excitability

99
Q

muscle that cause adduction

A

adductors

100
Q

Action: Raise the corner of the mouth upward

A

Zygomaticus

101
Q

Fan shaped muscle overlying the temporal bone and inserts into the mandible

A

temporalis

102
Q

muscle that cause abduction

A

abductors

103
Q

muscles that surround the mouth

A

orbicularis oris

104
Q

Dark line in the middle of the H zone.

A

M line

105
Q

type of pennate pattern where the fascicles are on one side of the tendon.

A

unipennate muscle

106
Q

pronates forearm

A

pronator teres

107
Q

supports pelvic floor

A

transverse perinei (deep)

108
Q

4 thigh muscles

A

quadriceps femoris

109
Q

fixes central tendon

A

transverse perinei (superficial)

110
Q

Action: depress ribs during forced expiration.

A

Internal intercostal

111
Q

Action:
Flattens the cheeks.
Also help in chewing.
Compress the cheeks to hold food

A

buccinator

112
Q

resemble golf clubs

A

myosin

113
Q

Chemicals that stimulate or inhibit a muscle fiber.
Ex. Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter

114
Q

Two headed muscle.

A

sternocleidomastoid

115
Q

Electrical signals that stimulate muscle fiber action potentials followed by muscle contraction

A

Action potential

116
Q

rectangular-shaped muscle

A

quadratus

117
Q

Alternate along the length of the perfectly aligned Myofibrils giving the muscle cell its striated appearance

A

Light (I) Bands and Dark (A) Bands

118
Q

cytoplasm of muscle cell

A

sarcoplasm

119
Q

Lies deep within the biceps
Action: Flexes elbow
Lifts the Ulna

A

brachialis

120
Q

large muscle

A

maximus

121
Q

A lighter central area along the dark (A) band.

A

H zone

122
Q

Action:
Elevates anus
supports pelvic viscera

A

Levator ani

123
Q

can stretch

A

extensibility

124
Q

Paired muscles; Deep to the external obliques; Sides of abdomen; Action: Same as external obliques

A

internal abdominal oblique

125
Q

thick myofilament

A

myosin

126
Q

extends knee

A

vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

127
Q

Action: Pulls the corner of the mouth inferiorly.

A

platysma

128
Q

Inferior to the hyoid bone

A

infrahyoid group

129
Q

Actions:
Hip abduction
Important in steadying the pelvis when walking.

A

gluteus medius

130
Q

fibularis muscles

A
  1. longus
  2. brevis
  3. tertius
131
Q

Action: Elevation, depression, adduction, and stabilization of the scapula.

A

Trapezius

132
Q

Posterior humerus; “Boxer’s” muscle; 3 heads

A

triceps brachii

133
Q

Action includes raising of the eyebrows and wrinkling of the forehead

A

frontalis

134
Q

E.g. Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Styloglossus, Palatoglossus

A

extrinsic muscle

135
Q

type of pennate pattern where the fascicles are arranged at many places around the central tendon.

A

multipennate muscle

136
Q

action: looking toward the nose

A

medial rectus

137
Q

Point of contact of motor neuron axon branches with the muscle fiber.

A

Neuromuscular junction or synapse

138
Q

Muscle Shapes

A
  1. Circular muscles
  2. Convergent muscles
  3. Parallel muscles
  4. Fusiform muscles
  5. Pennate
139
Q

Forms part of the abdominal wall

A

quadratus lumborum

140
Q

most superficial abdominal muscle

A

rectus abdominis

141
Q

Paired muscles; Superficial; Sides of abdomen

A

external abdominal oblique

142
Q

Superior to the hyoid bone

A

suprahyoid group

143
Q

run in circles around the eyes

A

orbicularis oculi

144
Q

moves a structure toward the midline

A

adduction

145
Q

moves a structure away from the midline

A

abduction

146
Q

Small muscle located at the posterior end of the cranial aponeurosis.

A

occipitalis

147
Q

muscle that surround the eyes

A

orbicularis oculi

148
Q

Function: Involved in changing the shape of the tongue.

A

intrinsic muscle

149
Q

functions of the muscle

A
  1. movement of the body
  2. maintenance of posture
  3. production of body heat
  4. communication
  5. constriction of organs and vessels
  6. contraction of the heart
150
Q

small muscle

A

minimus

151
Q

constricts urethra; erects penis; erects clitoris

A

bulbospongiosus

152
Q

long ribbon-like organelles that nearly fills the sarcoplasm

A

myofibrils

153
Q

it surrounds the myofibrils

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

154
Q

Lateral to the tibialis
Action: Prime mover of toe extension; Dorsiflexion of foot

A

extensor digitorum longus

155
Q

it has muscle fascicles running in the same direction as the structure with which the muscle is associated.

A

rectus (straight, parallel) muscle

156
Q

Anterior humerus; “Flexing muscle”; Two heads

A

biceps brachii

157
Q

action: looking down

A

inferior rectus

158
Q

it originates in the arm (brachium) and inserts onto the radius.

A

brachioradialis

159
Q

can recoil

A

elasticity

160
Q

The gap between the presynaptic terminals and muscle cells.

A

Synaptic cleft

161
Q

One example of this muscle with many long fibers is the pectoralis muscles of the chest.

A

convergent muscles

162
Q

AKA “Toe dancer” muscle

A

gastrocnemius

163
Q

action includes raising of the upper lids

A

levator palpebrae superioris

164
Q

Contains the myofilaments (actin and myosin - arrangement produce banding patterns).

A

sarcomeres

165
Q

pronates forearm

A

pronator quadratus

166
Q

involuntary muscle and is the most widely distributed type of muscle in the body

A

smooth muscle

167
Q

releases calcium when muscle are stimulated to contract

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

168
Q

circular muscle of the lips

A

orbicularis oris

169
Q

Aligned end to end like tiny box cars in a train.

A

sarcomeres

170
Q

Branches of axon that forms junction with the sarcolemma of muscle cells.

A

Presynaptic terminals

171
Q

a muscle that has two heads (origins)

A

biceps

172
Q

it refers to skeletal muscle cells

A

muscle fibers

173
Q

Posterior thigh.
(1) Biceps femoris
(2) Semimembranosus
(3) Semitendinosus

A

hamstring group

174
Q

Actions:
Not very important in walking.
Important muscle for extending the hip when power is needed.
Climbing the stairs
Jumping

A

gluteus maximus

175
Q

Action: Thigh extension; Knee flexion

A

hamstring group

176
Q

Fleshy muscle that runs horizontally across the cheek and insert into orbicularis oris.

A

buccinator

177
Q

it stores calcium

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

178
Q

action includes closing of the eyes, squinting, blinking, and winking

A

orbicularis oculi

179
Q

it has its origin on the sternum and clavicle and its insertion on the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

A

sternocleidomastoid

180
Q

Action: Adducts thigh and flexes knee

A

Gracilis

181
Q

bundle of muscle fibers

A

muscle fasciculus or fascicles

182
Q

Actions: Back Erectors
Bending over

A

erector spine

183
Q

action: looking up

A

superior rectus

184
Q

action includes production of vertical corrugations (furrows) in the skin between the eyes

A

corrugator supercilii

185
Q

These outer layers of connective tissue keep the muscles separate from surrounding tissues and organs

A

muscular fascia

186
Q

type of pennate pattern where the fascicles are arranged on two sides of the tendon.

A

bipennate muscle

187
Q

Merge with the muscular fascia

A

epimysium

188
Q

Action: extends elbow

A

triceps brachii

189
Q

Superficial muscle; Powerful hip extensor that acts to bring thighs in a straight line with the pelvis.

A

gluteus maximus

190
Q

attaches to ankle, action: flexes foot

A

soleus

191
Q

Examples of this muscles are those that surround the eyes the mouth

A

circular muscle

192
Q

it has muscle fascicles lying at an angle to the length of the structure

A

oblique muscle

193
Q

muscle that is found only in the heart

A

cardiac muscle

194
Q

Calf; Two-bellied muscle
Action: Flexes foot and leg

A

gastrocnemius

195
Q

Simplest of all the types of movement

A

Gliding Movements

196
Q

These movements occur in plane joints between two flat or nearly flat surfaces that slide or glide over each other.

A

Gliding Movements

197
Q

These joints often allow only slight movement, as occurs between carpal bones.

A

Gliding Movements

198
Q

a movement involves changes in the angle between the bones at the joint.

A

angular movement

199
Q

The most common angular movements

A

flexion and extension
abduction and adduction

200
Q

bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint to bring the articulating bones closer together

A

flexion

201
Q

straightening movement that increases the angle
of the joint to straighten the articulating bones.

A

extension

202
Q

usually defined as extension of a joint beyond the anatomical position (180 degrees).

A

hyperextension

203
Q

can be a normal movement, such as the movement of the neck when looking up at the stars, but it can also result in injury.

A

hyperextension

203
Q
  • to take away
  • is movement away from the midline
A

abduction

204
Q
  • to bring together
  • is movement toward the midline
A

adduction

205
Q

involve rotation around an axis in a circular pattern or an arc.

A

circular movement

206
Q

the turning of a structure around its long axis, as in rotating the head to shake the head “no” or rotating the arm or the entire body

A

rotation

207
Q

rotation of the humerus that brings the hand toward the body.

A

medial rotation

208
Q

rotation of the humerus that brings the hand away from the body.

A

lateral rotation

209
Q

refers to the unique rotation of the forearm

A

pronation and supination

210
Q

is rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly in relation to the anatomical position.

A

pronation

211
Q

is rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly in relation to the anatomical position

A

supination

212
Q

is rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly in relation to the anatomical position

A

supination

213
Q

It occurs at freely movable joints, such as the shoulder.

A

circumduction

214
Q

moves a structure superiorly

A

elevation

215
Q

moves a structure inferiorly

A

depression

216
Q

is a gliding motion that moves a structure in an anterior direction.

A

protraction

217
Q

is a gliding motion that moves a structure in a posterior direction

A

retraction

218
Q

is moving the mandible to either the right or the left of the midline, as occurs when grinding the teeth or chewing

A

lateral excursion

219
Q

returns the mandible to the midline position

A

medial excursion

220
Q

is a movement unique to the thumb. It occurs when the thumb and the tip of a finger on the same hand are brought toward each other across the palm

A

opposition

221
Q

returns the thumb to the neutral, anatomical position

A

reposition

222
Q

turns the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces medially, toward the opposite foot, with the weight on the outside edge of the foot (rolling out).

A

inversion

223
Q

turns the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally, with the weight on the inside edge of the foot

A

eversion

224
Q

the amount of mobility that can be demonstrated in a given joint

A

range of motion

225
Q

the amount of movement that can be accomplished by contracting the muscles that normally act across a joint

A

active range of motion

226
Q

the amount of movement that can be accomplished when the structures that meet at the joint are moved by an outside force, as when a therapist holds on to a patient’s forearm and moves it toward the arm, flexing the elbow joint

A

passive range of motion

227
Q

occurs when the articulating surfaces of the bones are moved out of proper alignment

A

dislocation or luxation

228
Q

partial dislocation

A

subluxation

229
Q

often accompanied by painful damage to the supporting ligaments and articular cartilage

A

dislocation

230
Q

occurs when ligaments are damaged

A

sprain

231
Q

often result in inflammation, swelling, and pain

A

sprain

Systems (7 decks)

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