Urinalysis Flashcards
Full Urinalysis with Multi-stick procedure
- Have the obtained urine sample ready and gather equipment and check all for expiration date
- Perform hand hygiene
- Apply gloves
- Observe urine sample for colour, clarity and heck odour
- Check the expiry date of reagent strips
- Remove one strip without touching the reagent pads, recap bottle immediately
- Take cap off of urine sample and lay appropriately on the surface; maintaining clean technique
- Completely immerse all reagent areas on the stick into the urine. Dip briefly and remove immediately to avoid dissolving out reagents
- Run edge of strip against rim of urine container to remove excess urine. Making sure that it does not run down the outside of the sample container
- Note the time
- Hold strip horizontally and match test areas with the colour blocks on bottle label with accurate timing
- Note the results of the individual coloured blocks at the appropriate time
- Re-cap urine sample appropriately
- Dispose of reagent strip and gloves appropriately
- Perform hand hygiene
- Document your results and analyse
Reagent strip labels from the bottom to the top
GLUCOSE
KETONES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
BLOOD
pH
PROTEIN
NITRITES
LEUCOCYTES
Glucose
Presence may indicate
- Renal disease
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Cushing’s Syndrome
- Part of stress response after trauma or surgery
- Acute pancreatitis
Ketones
Presence always abnormal
May indicate uncontrolled diabetes, fasting
Specific Gravity
(Range 1.000-1.030)
A measure of the kidney concentrating/diluting power
Where persistently low may indicate renal abnormality, high fluid intake
High may indicate dehydration –> check fluid intake
Blood
Presence may indicate
- Serious renal disease
- Urological disease and/or UTI
- Menstruation
pH
Strongly acidic <4 may indicate uncontrolled diabetes, starvation, dehydration, renal disease
Alkaline >8 may indicate stale urine, UTI
Protein
Persistent presence of protein may indicate renal disease, UTI, hypertension, Pre-eclampsia, CCF, vascular disease
Nitrites
Never normally present
Presence indicates gram -ve UTI –> follow up with urine culture
Leucocytes
Presence suggests UTI –> follow up with urine culture, non-infectious renal disease