Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Full Urinalysis with Multi-stick procedure

A
  1. Have the obtained urine sample ready and gather equipment and check all for expiration date
  2. Perform hand hygiene
  3. Apply gloves
  4. Observe urine sample for colour, clarity and heck odour
  5. Check the expiry date of reagent strips
  6. Remove one strip without touching the reagent pads, recap bottle immediately
  7. Take cap off of urine sample and lay appropriately on the surface; maintaining clean technique
  8. Completely immerse all reagent areas on the stick into the urine. Dip briefly and remove immediately to avoid dissolving out reagents
  9. Run edge of strip against rim of urine container to remove excess urine. Making sure that it does not run down the outside of the sample container
  10. Note the time
  11. Hold strip horizontally and match test areas with the colour blocks on bottle label with accurate timing
  12. Note the results of the individual coloured blocks at the appropriate time
  13. Re-cap urine sample appropriately
  14. Dispose of reagent strip and gloves appropriately
  15. Perform hand hygiene
  16. Document your results and analyse
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2
Q

Reagent strip labels from the bottom to the top

A

GLUCOSE

KETONES

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

BLOOD

pH

PROTEIN

NITRITES

LEUCOCYTES

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3
Q

Glucose

A

Presence may indicate

  • Renal disease
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Cushing’s Syndrome
  • Part of stress response after trauma or surgery
  • Acute pancreatitis
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4
Q

Ketones

A

Presence always abnormal

May indicate uncontrolled diabetes, fasting

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5
Q

Specific Gravity

A

(Range 1.000-1.030)

A measure of the kidney concentrating/diluting power

Where persistently low may indicate renal abnormality, high fluid intake

High may indicate dehydration –> check fluid intake

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6
Q

Blood

A

Presence may indicate

  • Serious renal disease
  • Urological disease and/or UTI
  • Menstruation
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7
Q

pH

A

Strongly acidic <4 may indicate uncontrolled diabetes, starvation, dehydration, renal disease

Alkaline >8 may indicate stale urine, UTI

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8
Q

Protein

A

Persistent presence of protein may indicate renal disease, UTI, hypertension, Pre-eclampsia, CCF, vascular disease

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9
Q

Nitrites

A

Never normally present

Presence indicates gram -ve UTI –> follow up with urine culture

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10
Q

Leucocytes

A

Presence suggests UTI –> follow up with urine culture, non-infectious renal disease

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