MSK Knee Flashcards

1
Q

INTRODUCTION

A
  • Clean your hands
  • Give full name & status, ask patient details
  • Check wrist bands and charts
  • Explain what you would like to examine and wait for verbal consent
  • Ask if patient is experiencing any pain
  • Ask patient to remove any necessary clothing
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2
Q

LOOK

Standing first then lying on couch

A
  • Symmetry and alignment
  • Varus or valgus deformity
  • Fixed flexion of the knee
  • Rashes, wounds, scars or swelling
  • Wasting of quadriceps muscles
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3
Q

FEEL

A
  • Feel for temperature difference, comparing mid-thigh and knee of both legs
  • Feel for tenderness along border of patella, extensor mechanism, and medial and lateral joint lines
  • Feel behind the knee for popliteal cysts (Bakers cyst)
  • Feel for knee effusion by performing patellar tap
  • If no patella tap present, then assess for small effusion using bulge test
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4
Q

MOVE

A
  • Active - flexion ask patient to fully flex knee towards buttock sand then full extension of knee
  • Passive flexion and extension with one hand on knee to detect crepitus - assess and compare movement of both knees
  • Assess for hyperextension by lifting legs by heels, looking for extension extension

COLLATERALS
* Flex knee to 20-30 degrees and apply lateral and medial stress to the knee, and repeat extended
* Excessive movement suggests damage to ligament or wear in medial or lateral compartment in older patients

CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
* Posterior sag (draw) test - Observe the knees when hips are flexed to 45 degrees and knees flexed to 90 degrees
* Anterior draw test - position the hips at 45 degrees and knees at 90 degrees - attempt to draw the tibia forwards

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5
Q

MOVE

A
  • Active - flexion ask patient to fully flex knee towards buttock sand then full extension of knee
  • Passive flexion and extension with one hand on knee to detect crepitus - assess and compare movement of both knees
  • Assess for hyperextension by lifting legs by heels, looking for extension extension

COLLATERALS
* Flex knee to 20-30 degrees and apply lateral and medial stress to the knee, and repeat extended
* Excessive movement suggests damage to ligament or wear in medial or lateral compartment in older patients

CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
* Posterior sag (draw) test - Observe the knees when hips are flexed to 45 degrees and knees flexed to 90 degrees
* Anterior draw test - position the hips at 45 degrees and knees at 90 degrees - attempt to draw the tibia forwards

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6
Q

FUNCTION

A
  • Ask the patient to walk, Observe for a limp, valgus/varus deformity or fixed flexion gait
  • Examine hip and foot
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7
Q

CLOSURE

A
  • Thank the patient
  • Help them redress if requires and make them comfortable
  • Doff PPE and dispose of safely
  • Perform hand hygiene
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