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🦠RT > Urinalysis > Flashcards

Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

which urine is the most concentrated?

A

the morning

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2
Q

which urine type is best to avoid contamination

A

catherized and suprapubic aspiration

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3
Q

what happens to the pH when urine is older then 2 hours?

A

pH elevates (becomes more alkaline)

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4
Q

what happens to the glucose when urine is older then 2 hours?

A

decreases (consommation by bacteria)

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5
Q

What is the principle of the pH test?

A

double indicator

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6
Q

What is the principle of the protéine test?

A

indicator d’erreur

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7
Q

What is the principle of the glucose test?

A

oxidase/peroxidase

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8
Q

What is the principle of the cetones test?

A

sodium nitroprusside

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9
Q

What is the principle of the blood test?

A

pseudoperoxidase, activity of hgb

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10
Q

What is the principle of the bilirubin test?

A

diazo reaction

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11
Q

What is the principle of the urobilinogen test?

A

ehrlich aldehyde reaction or diazo reaction

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12
Q

What is the principle of the nitrite test?

A

Greiss reaction

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13
Q

What is the principle of the leucocyte test?

A

leuco esterase

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14
Q

What is the principle of the specific gravity test?

A

pKa change of polyelectrolyte

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15
Q

what does it mean to have protein in the urine?

A

possible renal disease

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16
Q

What happens if you dont remove the excess urine on strip?

A

runover of chemicals to other pads

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17
Q

What happens if you leave the strips too long in the urine?

A

false negative reaction

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18
Q

what can cause a false positive for specific gravity?

A

protein

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19
Q

what type of alb is measured in urine?

A

microalbumine

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20
Q

Clinitest method

A

copper reduction

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21
Q

test to mesure bence jones?

A

SSA sulfosalicylic acid

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22
Q

test to mesure ketones

A

acetest

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23
Q

What is the acetest method

A

sodium nitroprusside reaction

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24
Q

test to mesure bilirubine

A

ictotest

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25
Q

ictotest method

A

diazo

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26
Q

if the substance is + glucose reagent strip and + clinitest what is it?

27
Q

if the substance is - glucose reagent strip and + clinitest what is it?

A

non-glucose reducing substance

28
Q

glitter cell (paillettes) =

A

WBC with brownian movement of granules

29
Q

which amorphous is in acid urine?

30
Q

which amorphous is in alcalose urine?

31
Q

Uric acid is found in which ph?

32
Q

calcium oxalate is found in which ph?

33
Q

Which crystal we can use a polarized light?

A

uric crystals

34
Q

which crystals are birefringent?

A

uric crystals and cholesterol

35
Q

which amorphous is pink?

36
Q

which amorphous is white?

37
Q

which forms can oxalate take?

A

enveloppe. dumbell and ovoid

38
Q

which crystals looks like rosettes?

A

calcium phosphate

39
Q

how to differentiate calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate when if they are both dumbell shape?

A

oxalate in acide urine and carbonate in alkaline urine

40
Q

name crystals in alkaline urine?

A

amourphous phosphate, triple phosphate, ammonium biurate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate

41
Q

name of crystals in acide urine?

A

amorphous urates, uric acid, calcium oxalate, leucine, tyrosine, cystine

42
Q

Which crystal can be seen in cystinuria?

43
Q

which crystals can be seen in severe liver disease?

A

leucine and tyrosine

44
Q

which crystals can be seen in nephrotic syndrome?

A

cholesterol

45
Q

which protein is in hyalin?

A

tamm-horsefall

46
Q

which form of cast is known to be the most advanced? the worst to have?

47
Q

What form of yeast can you find in urine?

A

bud or pseudohyphae

48
Q

how to you differentiate RBC and yeast?

A

add 2% acetic acid , RBC will lyse and yeast will be left

49
Q

What resembles a WBC but has a flagella and moves in a jerky way?

A

trichomonas (parasite) common in females

50
Q

What is the significance of mucus?

51
Q

what cause a acute glomerulonephritis?

A

inflammation/dommage of the glomérule

52
Q

what cause a nephrotic syndrome?

A

augmentation perméabilité gomulaire

53
Q

what cause a pyelonephritis?

A

infection des reins

54
Q

what cause a cystitis?

A

infection du vessie

55
Q

what can you find in a acute glomerulonephritis urine?

A

RBC, WBC and rbc cast

56
Q

what can you find in a nephrotic syndrome urine?

A

all kinds of cast and oval fat bodies

57
Q

what can you find in a pyelonephritis urine?

A

WBC, WBC cast and bacteria

58
Q

what can you find in a cystitis urine?

A

no cast, WBC, bacteria, RBC

59
Q

which untreated bacteria can cause acute glomerulonephritis?

A

group A strep can cause inflammation/dommage to the glomérule

60
Q

protéine dans l’urine indique quoi?

A

maladie rénale

61
Q

what should you verify in the urine if the protein strip is positive?

62
Q

What does bilirubin in urine mean?

A

hepatique or obstruction disorder

63
Q

protéine et glucose dans l’urine indique quoi?

A

dommage des reins du au diabète mellitus

🦠RT (11 decks)

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