Autres Flashcards
Hazard diamond
- bleu area=
- red area=
- yellow area=
- white area=
- bleu area= health
- red area= flammabilty
- yellow area= reactivity
- white area= special, W=unsual reactivty with water, OX=oxidizer
Class for fire, material
- A
- B
- C
- D
- A : Cloth, wood, paper
- B : liquids
- C : electrical
- D : metals
Class for fire, type extinguisher
- A
- B
- C
- D
- A : A(water) or ABC (dry chemical)
- B : ABC or BC(co2)
- C : ABC or BC
- D : firefighters
EDTA
- Color stopper
- action
- uses
- comments
- Color stopper: lavender
- action: stop clot by chelating calcium
- uses: CBC, diff, sed rate
- comments: at least half full
Heparin
- Color stopper
- action
- uses
- comments
- Color stopper: green
- action: stop clot by neutralizing thrombin
- uses: osmotic fragility, plasma hgb, blood gases
- comments:best to avoid hemolysis
Citrate de sodium
- Color stopper
- action
- uses
- comments
- Color stopper: light blue
- action: stop clot by binding calcium
- uses: coagulation
- comments: 9:1 blood:anticoag ratio, reduce anticoag if Hct is more then 55%, if using a butterfly use a discard tube
Fluoride de sodium
- Color stopper
- action
- uses
- comments
- Color stopper: gray
- action: not anticoag inhibits glycolysis
- uses: glucose, lactic acid and alcohol
- comments: add k oxalate for anticoag
Which color of tube we need for serum?
Red or gold
difference between plasma and serum
plasma contains fibrinogen
Where do we draw blood if presence of
- Mastectomy
- hematoma
- IV
- Mastectomy : other arm
- hematoma : under it
- IV : opposite arm or finger pic, otherwise turn off IV 2 min
Which test tube need to be chilled?
Ammonia and lactic acid (slurry)
Which test need tube to be warmed?
cold agglutinins and cryoglobulins (37oC)
Which test need tube to be protected by the light?
bilirubine (use aluminum foil)
What does fasting mean?
nothing to eat or drink(except water) for at least 8 hr
Spin tubes within how much time after collecting? and speed/time
2 hours, 1,000-1,300 RCF for 10-15min (except citrate tube)
how to achieve PPP platelet poor plasma
1500 RCF for 15min (for citrate tubes)
How do we freeze whole blood
you cant freeze whole blood (must seperate de plasma and culot)
What type of glass we use to reduced light exposure
low actinic or amber/red glass
What type of glass we use to alkaline solutions? (best)
boron free
What type of glass is most common and can be used for autoclave/heat resistance?
borosilicate (kimax and pyrex)
What type of glass is diposible(least expensive) but not very temperature changing resistant?
flint glass (soda-lime color)
What type of glass we use to for Heat, chemical and ELECTRICAL tolerance?
High silica
What type of glass we use to resist clouding due to alkali and scratching?
Aluminosilicate (corex)
Volumetric pipet how to use
touch off last drop against wall
Ostwald-Folin pipet how to use
for viscous fluids, ertched(frost) ring means blowout
seroligical pipet how to use
not accurate use for serial dilutions and mesuring reagents, ertched(frost) ring means blowout
Mohr pipet how to use
no blowout
Micropipet how to use
TC = to contain, 1-1,000uL
Most pure graded chemical is
analytic reagent grade (meets specification american chemical society)
Type I water =
Type II water=
Type III water=
Type I water = ultrapure
Type II water= pure (can make buffer)
Type III water= primary grade water
What does the condenser does on a microscope?
focuses the light on specimen
What does the ocular does on a microscope?
eye piece, 10x
What does the objectives does on a microscope?
low power 10x, high power 40x and immersion oil 50-100x
type of bulb for brightfield microscope?
tungsten
Kind of microscope for ID treponema pallidum
dark field (black background)
Kind of microscope for fluorescent antibody stains
fluorescent
Kind of microscope for platelet count or urine sediments?
phase contrast (has phase condenser and objectives)
Kind of microscope for ID urine crystals, synovial fluid and fat oval bodies
Polarizing (has a polorizing filter below condenser), objects reflect light birefringent
What is quality assurance?
process by which the lab ensures quality results by closely monitoring preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical stage of testing
Mean
racine carée (somme(x-moyenne)^2 / n-1)
Standard deviation
SD =racine carée (somme(mean-x)^2 /n-1)
x= each value n= number of value
Coefficient of variation, formula
CV% = (SD / mean) x100
Coefficient of variation, high the precision _ the CV
lower the CV
% of values fall within +/- 1SD
68%
% of values fall within +/- 2SD
95%
% of values fall within +/- 3SD
99%
Coefficient of variation should be under %
5%
what does normal distribution mean?
x(average)=md(median)=mo(mode)
Variance formula
S^2
limite controle acceptable formula
x +/- 2s (average +/- 2xmean)
Westguard rules 1 2s = 1 3s = 2 2s = R 4s= 4 1s = 10x =
1 2s = alarm, 1 control exceeds +/- 2s
1 3s = reject, 1 control exceeds +/- 3s
2 2s = reject, 2 control consecutive exceeds +/- 2s
R 4s= reject, 2 control exceeds +/- 4s
4 1s = reject, 4 control exceeds +/- 1s
10x = reject, 10 control consecutive same side of average
Micro = milli= nano= pico= fento=
Micro =10^-6 milli=10^-3 nano=10^-9 pico=10^-12 fento=10^-15
Dilution formula
vol specimen / vol specimen + vol diluent
how do you prepare 1:10 dilution of urine?
1 part urine and 9 part diluent
How many ml of 95% alcohol are neede to prepare 100mL of 70% alcohol?
C1V1=C2V2
(95)(v)=(70)(100)
v= 73.7mL
What is the concentration in % of a solution that contains 8.5g of NaCl per L?
8.5g/1000ml x X/100ml
1000X=8.5 x 100
c=0.85%
A manual glucose assay gave the following results : abs of 100mg/dL , standard=0.3. Abs of patient =0.4. what is the concentration of glucose of the patient?
Use beer law
- concentration pt = abs unknown / abs standard x concentration standard
- concentration patient = 0.4/0.3 x 100
- concentration patient = 133mg/dL
What is the molarity of a solution that contains 45g of NaCl per L? (atomic weight, Na=23 et Cl=35.5)
M= (g/L) / (gram molecular weight) M= 45/58.5 M= 0.77
Formula for pH calculation
-log(H)
temperature PCR
95oC, 55oC et 72oC
