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🦠RT > Blood bank > Flashcards

Blood bank Flashcards

1
Q

What does the heavy chains determine?

A

Ig class (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE)

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2
Q

what are the light chains

A

kappa and lamda

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3
Q

which immunoglobulins can pass the placenta?

A

IgG because it is the smallest (only one that can do that)

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4
Q

what are the donor testing required?

A
  • ABO/Rh (weak D)
  • Antibody screening
  • phenotybe (on selecting donations)
  • Syphilis (treponema pallidum)
  • Hepatitis (A, B and C)
  • HIV
  • Human T-cell lymphotrohic virus I/II
  • west nile virus and chaga’s disease when increase in risk present
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5
Q

after a blood unit has been open how low is it good for?

A

be used within 24 if stored in fridge and within 4 hours if stored at RT

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6
Q

What temperature is RBC unit stored at?

A

1-6oC (all blood units are stored like this like irratiated blood except for RBC frozen)

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7
Q

What temperature is frozen RBC stored at?

A

Less then -65oC (frozen in glycerol)

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8
Q

What temperature is Fresh frozen plasma stored at?

A

less then -18oC

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9
Q

What temperature is cryoprecipitate stored at?

A

less then -18oC

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10
Q

What temperature is platelets stored at?

A

RT

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11
Q

What is the shelf life of RBC?

A

35 days in CPDA-1, 42 days in adenine, 21 days in the other preservatives

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12
Q

What is the shelf life of frozen RBC?

A

10 years

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13
Q

What is the shelf life of washed RBC?

A

24h

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14
Q

What is the shelf life of irradiated RBC?

A

original expiry date ir 28 days after irradiated

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15
Q

What is the shelf life of Fresh frozen plasma?

A

frozen 12 months, thawed 24h

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16
Q

What is the shelf life of cryoprecipitate?

A

frozen 12 months , thawed 4h, thawed and pooled 6h

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17
Q

What is the shelf life of platelets?

A

5 days or 4 hours after pooled/opened

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18
Q

Why would we give a RBC to a patient?

A

inadequate tissu oxygenation

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19
Q

Why would we give a washed RBC to a patient?

A

history of severe allergic reaction

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20
Q

Why would we give a to RBC leukocyte reduced a patient?

A

history of febrile(fever) reaction

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21
Q

Why would we give a RBC irriadiated to a patient?

A

immunodefiency, malignancy, bone marrow transplant, etc. prevent graft-host disease

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22
Q

What would you give to a patient with deficiency of coagulation factors?

A

Fresh frozen plasma

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23
Q

Why would we give a cryoprecipitate to a patient?

A

fibrinogen and factor XIII deficiencies

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24
Q

What do you give to hemophilia A and Von wille brand patients?

A

cryoprecipitate

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25
Q

Why would we give a platelets to a patient?

A

low platelet level(thrombocytopenia) or abnormal plt fonction

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26
Q

which immunoglobin causes transfusion reactions

A

IgG and IgM (ABO can be IgG or IgM)

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27
Q

which immunoglobin causes MHNN?

A

IgG

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28
Q

What is the optimum temperature for IgG and IgM?

A

IgG : 37oC

IgM : 25oC or lower

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29
Q

what is called de difference in charge between RBC surface and positives ions around RBC.

A

Zeta potential, reducing zeta = RBC move closer together

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30
Q

What does 4+ look like in tube ,gel and solid reaction

A

tube : one solid agglutination
gel : solid band rbc at top
solid : RBC are diffused

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31
Q

What does negative look like in tube ,gel and solid reaction

A

tube : no agglutinates
gel : well-defined pellet of unagglutinated RBCs at bottom
solid : buton of RBC in bottom of well

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32
Q

Exemples of phenotype and the genotype to match

A

phenotype : A genotype: AA, AO
phenotype : B genotype: BB, BO
phenotype : AB genotype: AB
phenotype : O genotype: OO

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33
Q

What is the possible genotype of a baby from a AO mother and a BO father

A

baby : AB, BO, AO, OO

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34
Q

Which blood type is most common?

A

O

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35
Q

Which blood type is second most common?

A

A

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36
Q

Which blood type is third most common?

A

B

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37
Q

If someone is group O which antibody will be found in serum?

A

Anti-A and Anti-B

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38
Q

If someone is group AB which antibody will be found in serum?

A

none

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39
Q

Which antigen is on the red cell in a blood type B

A

B

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40
Q

what blood type is this person if anti-A= neg, anti-B=neg , A cells=+ and B cells= +

A

type O

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41
Q

what blood type is this person if anti-A=¸+, anti-B=+ , A cells= neg and B cells= neg

A

type AB

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42
Q

what blood type is this person if anti-A= +, anti-B=neg , A cells= neg and B cells= +

A

type A

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43
Q

What can cause all negative reactions in ABO panel?

A

missing isoagglutinins in group O

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44
Q

What can cause anti-A +, anti-B neg, A1 cells 1+ and B cells 4+ in ABO panel?

A

A2 with anti-A1

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45
Q

What can cause all positive reactions in ABO panel?

A

Rouleaux or cold antibody

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46
Q

What is the name of Anti-A1 serum?

A

Dolichos biflorus lectin

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47
Q

Translate the fisher-race to weiner

  • Dce
  • DCe
  • DcE
  • DCE
  • dce
  • dCe
  • dcE
  • dCE
A
  • Dce : Rho
  • DCe : Rh1
  • DcE : Rh2
  • DCE : Rhz
  • dce : rh
  • dCe : rh’
  • dcE : rh’’
  • dCE : rhy
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48
Q

Translate the fisher-race to rosenfield

  • Dce
  • DCe
  • dce
A

Rosenfield = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  • Dce : 1, -2, -3, 4, 5
  • DCe : 1, 2, -3, -4, 6
  • dce : -1, -2, -3, 4, 5
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49
Q

In the Fisher-race antigen which one is the most common?

A

antigen e (98% have it)

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50
Q

Dce is most common in which race?

A

black

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51
Q

What happen if the Anti-D is + and the Rh controle is +

A

invalid, Rh controle needs to be neg

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52
Q

When can cause a false Rh +

A

rouleaux, cold agglutinate, contaminated or wrong reagent, reaction to reagent

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53
Q

When can cause a false Rh negative

A

failure to add reagent, suspension to high or incorrect reactive

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54
Q

When to preformed a week D test?

A

when anti-D and Rh control are neg in Rh typing of donor or infant of mother being evaluated for RhIg

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55
Q

what is the method of a week D test?

A

incubate Rh typing tubes at 37oC for 15-60min and carry to AHG

56
Q

What Rh blood type can someone with week D can have?

A

Rh pos or neg

57
Q

What Rh blood type can someone with Rh negative can have?

A

Rh neg only, especially women of childbearing age

58
Q

what is the most common antigen? (not fisher race)

A

k (99.8% white and 100% black)

59
Q

what is the least common antigen? (not fisher race)

A

K (9% white and 2 % black)

60
Q

Which antigen is common in cord cells

A

anti-i (adult cells = I)

61
Q

warm antibodies

A

Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd

62
Q

cold antibodies

A

M, N and P1

63
Q

What are the naturally occuring antibodies

A

ABO, Lewis, P1, MN, Lua

64
Q

What are the clinically significant antibodies

A

ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, SsU

65
Q

which antibodies react with AHG

A

Kell, Duffy and Kidd

66
Q

antibodies enhanced by enzymes

A

Rh, Lewis, Kidd and P1

67
Q

antibodies eliminated by enzymes

A

M, N , S and Duffy

68
Q

antibody enhanced by acidification

A

M

69
Q

antibody that cause anamnestic response (delayed transfusion reaction)

A

Kidd

70
Q

antibody that cause paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A

anti-P

71
Q

antibody that cause cold agglutinine disease

A

anti-I

72
Q

antibody that cause mycoplasma pneumoniae infections

A

anti-I

73
Q

antibody that cause infectious mononucleosis

A

anti-i

74
Q

what is the % of alb in the albumine reagent?

A

22% bovine serum alb

75
Q

what is the alb reagent used for ?

A

reduces net charge of RBC cells

76
Q

what does Low ionic strengh solution LISS do?

A

lowers ionic strengh of suspension (allow antigen and antibody move closer together more rapidly)

77
Q

What does polythyleneglycol PEG do?

A

used for detection of week IgG antibody

78
Q

What enzymes are most commonly used for antigen panel?

A

ficin and papain

79
Q

What contains in a polyspecific antihuman globulin serum AGH?

A

IgG and C3D

80
Q

what is the polyspecific AGH used for?

A

used for direct antiglobulin test DAT

81
Q

What contains in a monospecific antihuman globulin serum AHG?

A

IgG or C3d (one or the other)

82
Q

what is C3d AHG used for?

A

investigation of immune hemolytic anemia

83
Q

what is IgG AHG used for?

A

Detects clinically significant antibodies

84
Q

Which test is used for in vivo sensitization?

A

DAT

85
Q

Which test is used for in vitro sensitization?

A

IAT (indirect antiglobulin testing)

86
Q

what part of the specimen is used for DAT?

A

red cells

87
Q

what part of the specimen is used for IAT?

A

serum, plasma , rbc

88
Q

Crossmacth is a DAT or IAT

A

IAT

89
Q

MHNN is a DAT or IAT

A

DAT

90
Q

week D testing is DAT or IAT

A

IAT

91
Q

What can cause a false IAT

A

positive DAT or overcentrifuge

92
Q

What can cause a false DAT?

A

Wharton’s jelly in cord blood

93
Q

What can cause a false negative for DAT and IAT

A

problem with AGH , not added, contamination or outdated

94
Q

What would cause all positive cells with AHG and positive in autocontrol

A

warm autoantibody

95
Q

What would cause all cells positive for 37oC, neg for AHG and autocontrol positive?

A

rouleaux

96
Q

What would cause all cells positive for AHG and negative for autocontrole

A

multiple antibodies or antibody to high antigen frequency

97
Q

What would cause positives in different phases of the anitbody panel

A

combination of warm and cold antibodies

98
Q

What would cause variant strengh in antibody panel?

A

multiple antibody

99
Q

What would cause same strengh and in 1 phase only in antibody panel?

A

single antibody

100
Q

If you cant eliminate some antibodies, should we use homozygote cells or heterozygote cells?

A

homozygotes cells are preferred to avoid missing weak antibodies.

101
Q

How many negative and positive we need to confirm antibody

A

3 pos and 3 neg

102
Q

What do we use for the crossmatch

A

donor’s blood and recipient’s serum

103
Q

when do we do AHG crossmatch

A

if recipient has or had clinically significant antibody, AGH must be negative

104
Q

What happens if you do a AHG crossmatch and the AHG is positive? (also autocontrole positif)

A

present of warm antibody

105
Q

What plasma type can a person group O can receive

A

O, A, B, AB

106
Q

What plasma type can a person group B can receive

A

B, AB

107
Q

What plasma type can a person group AB can receive

A

AB

108
Q

in a trama if typing does not allow what do you give?

A

O-neg (physician must sign release form)

109
Q

why would not do reverse grouping

A

baby blood , =invalide

110
Q

Quel ingredient dans le sérum-test anti-B peut causé un faux positif?

A

Acroflavine (donne couleur jaune)

111
Q

Le gène H est présent chez ?% de la population

A

99.99% on forme homozygote HH ou hétérozygote Hh

112
Q

Pourquoi le substance H est augmenter chez les groupes O?

A

Le H n’est pas transformée en antigène A ou B

113
Q

Réactivité avec le réactif anti-H lectine (groupe ABO de plus réactif au moins)

A
  1. O
  2. A2
  3. B
  4. A2B
  5. A1
  6. A1B
114
Q

Ces quoi l’autre nom du anti-H lectine?

A

Ulex Europeus

115
Q

Quoi fait quelqu’un bombay?

A

Personne est h homozygote (hh)

, donc pas enzyme fucosyltransférase et pas attachement L-fucose

116
Q

Est ce que quelqu’un bombay(Oh) peut recevoir du sang des autres groupe O?

A

Non, puisqu’il produit du anti-H , besoin donneur bombay

117
Q

Can lewis cause MHNN

A

no, IgM

118
Q

Développement de l’antigène lewis

A

Naissance : Le(a-b-)
10 jours : Le(a+b-)
Après : Le(a-b+)

119
Q

homo ou hetero?

  1. Élimination ac : controle positif
  2. Confirnation absence ag : controle positif
A
  1. Homozygote

2. Heterozygote

120
Q

Quoi est toxique pour le bébé après la naissance ? Victime du MHNN

A

Bilirubine indirect

121
Q

Ces quoi la formule?

A

unité/%ag négatif

122
Q

Un patient avec un anti-K et un anti-Jka, on veut 2 unités. Combien unité on doit tester?

77% la population est jka+
9% la population est K+

A

Donc 23% est jka- et 91% est K-

2 / 23% × 91%
2/ 0.20
= 10 unités

123
Q

Un patient avec un anti-Jka à besoin 4 unité. Combien unité devrais-je tester?

77% la population est Jka+
23% la population est Jka-

A

4/23% = 17.4 = 18 unités

Tester 18 unité pour trouver 4 unité sans l’antigène jka

124
Q

On donne quoi à une mère qui est Rh- avec un bébé Rh+?

A

WinRho/RhoGam

125
Q

Tranfusion reactions : cause hemolytic intravascular

A

immediate destruction of donor RBC by recipient antobody (most serious reaction)

126
Q

Tranfusion reactions : cause febrile(fever)

A

anti-leukocyte antibodies or cytokines (common)

127
Q

Tranfusion reactions : cause allergic rx

A

foreign plasma proteins (common)

128
Q

Tranfusion reactions : cause anaphylactic

A

anti-IgA in IgA deficient recipient (pulmonary edema)

129
Q

Tranfusion reactions : cause TRALI

A

unknown, accumulation of fluid in lungs (most common cause of transfusion reaction death)

130
Q

Tranfusion reactions : cause sepsis

A

bacterial contamination (gram +)

131
Q

Tranfusion reactions : cause TACO

A

too large a volume or too rapid transfusion

132
Q

how can we treat anaphylatic transfusion rx

A

epinephrine

133
Q

Tranfusion reactions : cause nonimmune hemolysis

A

destruction of RBC due to extremes of temp

134
Q

Tranfusion reactions : cause hypothermia

A

rapid infusion of large amounts of blood

135
Q

what does RhIg do?

A

prevent immunization D

136
Q

what happens transfusion associated graft-vs-host diease?

A

viable T lymphs in donor blood attack recipient

🦠RT (11 decks)

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