Urinalysis Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 urinalysis methods?
A
- Gross appearance
- Dipstick
- Specific Gravity
- Sediment analysis
2
Q
What are some tips for owners?
A
- Ideally morning sample best, as urine is more concentrated
- Cats with cystitis often urinate in inappropriate places, so get a syringe to collect sample
- For dogs, use a plastic tub to catch urine; ensure no residue is left, as will affect results
3
Q
What is the daily volume of urine for a dog?
A
- 20-50ml/kg/day
4
Q
What is the daily volume of urine for a cat?
A
- 10-20ml/kg/day
5
Q
What is the daily volume of urine for a rabbit?
A
- 120-130ml/kg/day
6
Q
What should you look for in the gross appearance of urine?
A
- Colour
- Turbidity
- Presence of debris
- Odour
7
Q
Is red/orange/yellow/green urine normal for a rabbit?
A
- Yes
8
Q
How is USG carried out?
A
- Measure USG using refractometer
- Water has an SG of 1.000, so anything dissolved in water will increase the weight
9
Q
How do the kidneys determine USG?
A
- Medulla become concentrated in salts
- ADH determines how concentrated urine is
- Need functioning kidney to produce very concentrated or very dilute urine
10
Q
What is the normal USG for a dog?
A
- 1.015-1.045
11
Q
What is the normal USG for a cat?
A
- 1.035-1.060
12
Q
What is the normal USG for a rabbit?
A
- 1.003-1.036
13
Q
What does isosthenuric means in USG?
A
- Roughly same concentration as plasma
- No evidence of kidney working
14
Q
What does hyposthenuric mean in USG?
A
- Less concentrated than blood plasma
- the kidney has actively diluted the urine to lose water
15
Q
What does hypersthenuric mean in USG?
A
- More concentrated than blood plasma
- The kidney has actively concentrated the urine
