urinalysis Flashcards
What is abnormal in urinalysis with glucosuria?
Glucose
High blood sugar levels due to inadequate insulin levels: or can result when active transport mechanisms for glucose are exceeded temporarily
What is glucosuria?
What are conditions associated with glucosuria?
pathological: uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Non-pathological: excessive intake of carbs
What is abnormal in urinalysis with proteinuria?
protein
What is proteinuria (alubinuria)
increased permeability of the glomerular filtration membrane
Pathological: severe hypertension, glomerulonephritis, ingestion of poisons, kidney trauma
Non pathological: excessive physical exertion, pregnancy
Conditions associated with proteinuria?
Abnormal in urine for ketonuria
Ketone bodies
What is ketonia?
Excessive production of and accumulation of intermediates of fat metabolism, which may result in acidosis
Conditions associated with ketonia?
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, starvations, low-carb diet
What is abnormal in urine with hematuria?
RBCs
Bleeding in the tract, kidney stones, urinary tract tumors, trauma to urinary tract organs, damaged filtration membrane, glomerulonephritis
What conditions are associated with hematuria?
irritation of the urinary tract organs that results in bleeding, or a result of leakage of RBC through a damaged filtration membrane
hematuria?
Abnormal urinalysis of hemoglobinuria
hemoglobin
conditions associated with hemoglobinuria?
hemolytic anemia, transfusion reactions, severe burns, poisonous snake bites, renal disease
abnormalities in urine with nitrituria?
nitrates
results when gram-negative bacteria such as E coli reduce nitrates to form nitrites
nitrituria?
conditions associated with nitrituria?
UTI
abnormal urinalysis of bilirubinuria?
Bile pigments
increased levels of bilirubin in the urine as a result of liver damage or blockage of the bile duct
what is bilirubinuria
conditions associated with bilirubinuria?
hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, gallstones
abnormalities in urine with pyuria?
Leykocytes
what is pyuria?
presence of WBC or pus in the urine caused by inflammation of the urinary tract
conditions associated with pyruria?
UTI (including pyelonephritis) gonorrhea
