Practical #4 Flashcards
Function of nose?
Produces mucus
moistens and warms air
Resonance chamber
Smell receptors
Function of paranasal sinuses?
Lighten skull
Warm
Moisten
Filter air
Function of pharynx
Passage way for air and food
Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
Function of larynx
Air passageway
Prevents food from getting in lower respiratory tract
Function of trachea
Air passageway
Cleans, warms and moistens incoming air
Function of Bronchiol tree
Air passageway connecting trachea with alveoli
Cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air
Function of alveoli
Main sites of gas exchange
Function of lungs?
House respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi
Function of pleurae?
Produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize lungs
Larynx cartilages? (9)
Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, arytenoid
Corniculate, cuneiform
4 processes of respuration?
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Transport
Internal respiration
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Regular breathing
What is external respiration?
The gas exchange between blood and the air-filled chambers in the lungs
What happens during transport of respiratory gasses?
Transport gases between lungs and tissue cells using blood as the vehicle
What happens during internal respiration?
Exchangw of gasses between systemic blood and tissue cells
Where does gas exchange occur?
Respiratory zone structures
Respiratory membrane, alveoli, alveolar ducts, and respiratory bronchioles
What are the neural controls for respiration?
Medulla and pons
Site of gas exchange?
Alveoli
What equipment is used to measure respiratory volumes?
Spirometer
What is the innermost layer of the digestive tract?
Function?
mucosa
Secretes mucus, hormones, and digestive enzymes
Absorb
Protect against infection disease
What is just external to mucosa in the digestive tract?
Function?
Submucosa
Connective tissue
Allows mucosa to move during peristalsis
What is just external to submucosa?
Function?
Muscularis
Responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
What is external to muscularis?
Function?
Serosa or visceral peritoneum
Protects abdominal organs
What happens during peristalsis?
Wavelike contractions to move food through through alimentary tube organs
What happens during segmentation?
Mixes food with digestive juices by shoving it up against the small intestine wall
Function of enzymes?
Help speed up metabolism or chemical reactions in our bodies
What effects enzyme efficacy?
Temperature, pH, concentration, concentration of substrate, activators
Used to test for protein hydrolysis
BAPNA
Used to test for presence of startch
IKI
Used to test for fatty acids
Litmus
Used to test for reducing sugars
Benedict’s
