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Bio-169 Lab > Practical #5 > Flashcards

Practical #5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Normal blood pH?

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

pH scale range?

A 
0-14
0 is acid 
14 is base
7 is neutral
Each increment is x10
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3
Q

Methods of measuring ph?

A

Litmus paper (red and blue)
pH paper
Electronic pH meter

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4
Q

What are the organs or organ systems responsible for acid-base homeostasis?

A

Renal/kidney

Respiratory/lungs

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5
Q

3 buffer systems in the body?

A

Bicarbonate buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Protein buffer system

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6
Q

Most abundant buffer system in the body?

A

Protein buffer system

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7
Q

Symptoms of respiratory acidosis?

A

HYPOventilation

DECREASE in Respiratory rate and/or volume

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8
Q

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?

A

HYPERventilation

INCREASE in respiratory rate and/or volume.

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9
Q

Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Irritability, muscle cramping, muscle twitching/spasms, hypoventilation

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10
Q

Symptoms of metabolic acidosis?

A

Headache, fatigue, confusion, increased respiratory rate and depth, diminished cardiac output causing low BP

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11
Q

What blood pH causes death?

A

> 7.8 alkalosis

< 6.8 acidosis

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12
Q
A

Acid

Wants everything to be red

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13
Q
A

BASE

Wants everything to be blue

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14
Q

What is an acid and what is a base?

A

Acids are proton donors

Bases are proton acceptors

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15
Q

Typically, there are more acids than bases in the body. Explain why this is with a few specific examples.

A

Our body produces acids and we ingest acidic food. People also tend to be human-shaped stress creatures so that could be a factor.

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16
Q

Describe how quickly the buffer systems and organ systems can correct pH fluctuations

A

BUFFER SYSTEMS- quickly

BRAIN- a few minutes
sends messages down to control CO2 with respiratory rate

ORGANS- kidneys take several hours to days to get rid of excess bicarb or create more bicarb.

17
Q

What is the main cause of respiratory acidosis?

A

Shallow breathing or when gas exchange isn’t working effectively

18
Q

What is the main cause of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Consuming excessive alchohol and excessive loss of HCO3 through diarrhea.

19
Q

What is hyperventilation and why can it cause such a change in pH homeostasis?

A

Elevated CO2 causes acidosis so getting rid of it can help the pH return to normal.

20
Q

Acids and bases can both be strong and weak, what does this mean to be a strong or weak acid/base?

A

Strong bases dissociate completely in water and grab onto H+
When put in water, strong acids dissociate completely into only ions.

Weak ones partially dissociate

21
Q

If a pH change is respiratory in nature, what system compensates for it?

A

Urinary/renal

22
Q

What is the main cause of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Consuming excessive alchohol and excessing loss of HCO3 through diarrhea

23
Q

What is hyperventilation and why can it cause such a change in pH homeostasis?

A

Hyperventilation can lead to respiratory alkalosis if too much carbon dioxide is exhaled.

24
Q

Bicarbonate buffer system handles?

A

ECF in the gastrointestinal system. Duodenum.

25
Q

Phosphate buffer system handles ________

A

Maintaining intracellular pH

26
Q

What does the protein buffer system do?

A

Handles pH in and around cell

27
Q

The cortical nephron has the _______ loop

A

Shorter

28
Q

The juxtamedulary nephron has the ___________ loop

A

Longer

29
Q

The glomerulus and the glomerular corpuscle together is called the _______ ___________

A

Renal corpuscle

30
Q

The cortical nephron is __________ from the cortex-medulla junction than the juxtamedullary nephron

A

Further

31
Q

The afferent arteriole of the glomerulus is directly attached to the ________ ________ ________

A

Cortical radiate artery

32
Q

The capillaries that are woven through the PCT are called _________ _________

A

Peritubular capillaries

Bio-169 Lab (8 decks)

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