Practical #5 Flashcards
Normal blood pH?
7.35-7.45
pH scale range?
0-14 0 is acid 14 is base 7 is neutral Each increment is x10
Methods of measuring ph?
Litmus paper (red and blue)
pH paper
Electronic pH meter
What are the organs or organ systems responsible for acid-base homeostasis?
Renal/kidney
Respiratory/lungs
3 buffer systems in the body?
Bicarbonate buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Protein buffer system
Most abundant buffer system in the body?
Protein buffer system
Symptoms of respiratory acidosis?
HYPOventilation
DECREASE in Respiratory rate and/or volume
Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?
HYPERventilation
INCREASE in respiratory rate and/or volume.
Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis?
Irritability, muscle cramping, muscle twitching/spasms, hypoventilation
Symptoms of metabolic acidosis?
Headache, fatigue, confusion, increased respiratory rate and depth, diminished cardiac output causing low BP
What blood pH causes death?
> 7.8 alkalosis
< 6.8 acidosis
Acid
Wants everything to be red
BASE
Wants everything to be blue
What is an acid and what is a base?
Acids are proton donors
Bases are proton acceptors
Typically, there are more acids than bases in the body. Explain why this is with a few specific examples.
Our body produces acids and we ingest acidic food. People also tend to be human-shaped stress creatures so that could be a factor.
Describe how quickly the buffer systems and organ systems can correct pH fluctuations
BUFFER SYSTEMS- quickly
BRAIN- a few minutes
sends messages down to control CO2 with respiratory rate
ORGANS- kidneys take several hours to days to get rid of excess bicarb or create more bicarb.
What is the main cause of respiratory acidosis?
Shallow breathing or when gas exchange isn’t working effectively
What is the main cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Consuming excessive alchohol and excessive loss of HCO3 through diarrhea.
What is hyperventilation and why can it cause such a change in pH homeostasis?
Elevated CO2 causes acidosis so getting rid of it can help the pH return to normal.
Acids and bases can both be strong and weak, what does this mean to be a strong or weak acid/base?
Strong bases dissociate completely in water and grab onto H+
When put in water, strong acids dissociate completely into only ions.
Weak ones partially dissociate
If a pH change is respiratory in nature, what system compensates for it?
Urinary/renal
What is the main cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Consuming excessive alchohol and excessing loss of HCO3 through diarrhea
What is hyperventilation and why can it cause such a change in pH homeostasis?
Hyperventilation can lead to respiratory alkalosis if too much carbon dioxide is exhaled.
Bicarbonate buffer system handles?
ECF in the gastrointestinal system. Duodenum.
Phosphate buffer system handles ________
Maintaining intracellular pH
What does the protein buffer system do?
Handles pH in and around cell
The cortical nephron has the _______ loop
Shorter
The juxtamedulary nephron has the ___________ loop
Longer
The glomerulus and the glomerular corpuscle together is called the _______ ___________
Renal corpuscle
The cortical nephron is __________ from the cortex-medulla junction than the juxtamedullary nephron
Further
The afferent arteriole of the glomerulus is directly attached to the ________ ________ ________
Cortical radiate artery
The capillaries that are woven through the PCT are called _________ _________
Peritubular capillaries
