ureter and bladder Flashcards
what is responsible from preventing urine reflex back into the ureter
ureterovesicular junction
How does E.Coli cause infection with indwelling catheters
What is pyelonephritis associated with
They have fimbrae that allow them to bind to latex catheters and flagella allow then to move against the urine flow
Fiimbrae
what is acute cystitis
What is it commonly associated with
Inflammatiooon of the bladder wall
UTI
will appear hyperemic w/ suppurative exudates
what is interstitial cystitis
Symptoms?
Painful bladder symptom
Sxs of UTI in sterile environment for >6months
Those with interstitial cystitis are also more likely to have what
fibromyalgia
IBS
chronic fatigue syndrome
HA
volvodynia
what leads to pyelonephritis
Who is it most common in
ascending UTI into ureter, renal pelvis, and/or kidney interstitium
Women
What are the common causes of pyelonephritis
stones
vesicoureteral reflux
pregnancy
neurogenic bladder
instrumentation
sexual trauma
Most common cause of post renal AKI
nephrolithiasis
When are struvite stones more likely to form
Who are they most common in
Alkaline environment
WOmen
How will those with nephrolithiasis present
renal colic
N/V
Hematuria
What are the types of proteinuria
Glomerular
tubular
overflow
What is nephrotic syndrome
glomerular injury resulting in excess loss of proteins in urine
Which patient population will have minimal disease change with primary nephrotic syndrome
kiddos
What causes primary nephrotic syndrome
Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane associated with deposits of inflammatory proteins
Leads to thickening mesangial cells can decrease GFR
What can primary nephrotic syndrome lead to
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
What things can cause OR be secondary to nephrotic sydnrome
DM
Amyloidosis
SLE
IgA vasculitis
infections
malignancies
vascular disorders
What is Alport syndrome
basement membrane collagen disorder resulting in problems with the glomerular epithelium
How will those with nephrotic syndrome present
Proteinuria
hypoalbuinuria
hyperlipidemia
lipiduria
Low Vit D
Hypothyroidism
What is nephritic syndrome
What is it associated with
Hematuria with RBC casts
Hep B/C, post strep glomerulonephritis, autoimmune causes
What is acute proliferative nephritic syndrome in kids associated with
adults?
Group A strep
Staph
What is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis
What population is it more common in
Bergers disease
(IgA nephropathy)
Adults
