male reproductive Flashcards
What muscles make up the perineum
bulbospongiosus
ischiocavernosus
What is the job of the ischiocavernosus
helps maintain erection and compresses venous flow
What does the bulbospongiosus do
What innervates it
lateral aspect of the bulb of the penis and proximal body
-supports pelvic floor
-helps expel all the semen
-pushes blood from the bulb into the body of the penis
pudendal
What are the three aspects of the penis
root
body
glands
What are the three parts of the penile root
What does the central part do
crus laterally
bulb centerally
encases the urethra & external urethral sphincter
what attaches the body of the penis to the symphysis pubus
suspensory ligaments
What is contained within the prepuce
Glans
contains external orifice
What is the main vasculature that feeds the penis
What branch is responsible for helping with erection
Pudendal
Deep arteria
What is centrally on the external aspect of the scrotum
Raphe
What muscles make up the scrotum
cremaster muscle
Dartos muscle
What does the cremaster muscle do in the scrotum
pulls testes upwards
When do the testes descend
What covers them
3 months before birth through the inguinal cancal
tunica vaginalis
What does the spermatocord contain
testicular blood supply, connective tissue, vas defrens
suspended by the spermatic cord
what is the inner covering of the testes
Tunica albuginea
What temperature is required for spermatogenesis
What adjusts it
2-7 degrees C below body temp
Cremasteric and dartos muscle
What is the venous vascular attachment for the testes
pampiniform plexus
What does the epididymis do
helps w/ continued sperm maturation
obtain nutrients
obtain testosterone
Where is sperm stored
epididymal tail
What does the vas defrens do
helps create seminal fluid
ejaculatory duct
can peristals sperm toward the urethra
What is contained within the inguinal canal in males
spermatic cord
gonadal vessels
lymphatics
What cells are responsible for creating testosterone
What stimulates it
Leydig cells
LH
What cells create spermatagonium
What stimulates it
diploid or haploid
Sertoli cells
FSH
diploid
What are the different sections of spermatazoa and what is contained in each
Head: contains nucleus w/ DNA and acrosome to assist with fertilization
Mid piece: Large amounts of mitochondria
Tail: Flagella composed of filaments
Where are the seminal vesicles located
What do they do
posterior to the bladder and above the prostate
seminla fluid
What does the seminal fluid do
- majority of semen volume
- has fructose for sperm metabolism
- prostaglandins to help with harsh vaginal environment
- alkalizes fluid to protect from vagina
How big is the prostate
Where is it located
size of a walnut
surrounds urethra
What does the prostate do during ejaculation
Contracts and compresses the urethra so the male does not pee while ejaculating
What hormone regulates prostate function
What does it do to sperm
Androgens
alkalizes semen further & fibrinolysin to increase sperm motility
What is the job of the bulbourethral glands
secrete mucus near the base of the penis
What is the pH of semen
amount of semen in normal ejaculation
How many sperm are in each ejaculation
7.5
2-6mL
75-400 million sperm
How long do sperm live after ejaculation
24-48 hours at body temp
Where is sperm created
Where is it stored
seminiferous vesicles
epididymis
What nervous system is involved with erections
What spinal cord level causes an erection
parasympathetic
pelvic nerve S2-S4
How does an erection happen
Ach acts directly on vasculare to increase NO = vasodilation of hecline arteries = erectile tissue fills with blood and venous drainage will be compressed
What is detumescence
When a man goes from having an erection to a flaccid penis
What part of the nervous system is in control of ejaculation
sympathetic
T4-L2 innervation
cerebral cortex will inhibit parasympathetic response
How does ejaculation occur
NE release at the epididymis = contraction = sperm pushed down vas defrens and joins the seminal fluid through prostatic urethra
Embryonically, what ducts occur in males
What is the gene that determines male gender
Wolffian ducts
SRY - comes from dad
