Urbanisation - Paper 2 Flashcards
What percentage of the world’s population now live in cities?
Over 50%
What percentage of the world’s population is expected to live in urban areas by 2030?
60%
Define urbanisation:
The process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities.
What are megacities?
The world’s largest cities with a population of over 10 million
How many megacities were there in 1975 compared to now?
There were 4 in 1975, today there are 29.
Where are the highest rates of urbanisation?
In poorer, low-income countries in Asia and Africa.
What is rural-urban migration?
When people living in rural areas migrate to urban eras.
What causes it and what does it mean if the population of cities is younger?
High rates of rural-urban migration means the rate of natural increase is high.
Where are the lowest rates of urbanisation and why?
In richer, high-income countries in Europe, North America and Oceania. Urbanisation has slowed down here as the majority of the population already live in cities.
Why is natural increase slowed in rich, high-income countries?
The urban population is ageing as the majority already live in cities.
What are the 2 main reasons why a large proportion of the world’s megacities are in Asia?
-Asia is where over half of the world’s population lives. China and India both have more than a billion people.
-The majority of Asia’s population is still rural, although this is changing as people move into cities.
What 4 main factors lead to urbanisation?
-Migration
-Natural increase
-Location
-Economic development
Give 3 environmental push factors into cities:
-Flooding
-Drought
-Crop failure
Give 5 social push factors into cities:
-Poverty
-Civil War
-High crime
-Lack of safety
-Lack of services
Give 5 social pull factors into cities:
-Safer
-Less crime
-Religious and political freedom
-Hope for a new life
-More services
Give 2 economic pull factors into cities:
-More wealth
-Higher employment
Give 2 environmental pull factors into cities:
-Lower risk from natural hazards
-Good climate
Describe urban trends in HIC’s:
They are highly urbanised, however urbanisation in some regions is slowing down. In some countries there is a reverse flow of people (counter-urbanisation) who have decided to leave crowded cities and live in the countryside.
What % of the population in HIC’s live in urban areas?
75%
Which region is the most urbanised?
North America.
What % of North America’s population lives in urban areas?
82%
Describe urban trends in LIC’s:
They are still predominantly rural with most people involved in agriculture where the lack of mechanisation means more people are needed to work on the land than in HIC’s. However these regions are experiencing the fastest rate of urbanisation.
What is the % of urbanisation expected to be in Africa and Asia?
56% in Africa and 64% in Asia by 2050.
What is the largest city in the world and what is its population?
Tokyo - with 38 million people
