London - Paper 2 Flashcards
What is the population of London (2018)?
8.7 million people.
Describe the location of London:
South East England, on the River Thames.
Suggest two reasons why London (and other cities) are experiencing rapid growth in the south and east of England:
-Cities in the south have grown in response to the growing service sector, rapid economic growth in the south and east, and being close to the markets of continental Europe
In the world, where is London ranked in terms of largest cities?
14th
How have public transport journeys increased since 2000?
They have increased by 40% since 2000.
How many bike journeys were made everyday in 2016?
730,000.
What kind of useful transport system does London have?
An integrated transport system.
Name the 4 major airport in London:
-London Heathrow
-London Gatwick
-Stanstead
-London Luton
How many passengers used the major airports in London in 2018?
78 million.
How many tourists were there in 2017?
30 million.
Which city has the highest tourist spend in the world?
London.
What was the tourist spend in London in 2011?
£21 billion
The highest average spend came from people from where, and how much?
UAE at £1,625 per visitor.
Londoners earn how much more than the UK average?
23% more
London generates how much of the UK’s GDP?
Approximately 39%
What was the average London house price in 2018 compared to the average UK house price?
London - approximately £486,000
UK - Approximately £242,000
How many higher education institutions does London have?
40
How many international students does London have?
103,000
What % of Londoners have a degree?
60%
London is home to how many of the head offices of the 250 largest companies in the world?
Give an example:
London is home to 15 of the head offices. For example HSBC.
What is the dominant job sector in London?
Financial and business services (tertiary)
Which city has the largest stock exchange in the world?
London.
How many people commute to London for work every day?
800,000
How many jobs were there in London at the start of 2012?
5 million.
What % of jobs in London are in the tertiary sector?
85%
How many people in London don’t speak English at home?
2 million
What % of Londoners were born abroad and from what kind of places?
37%: India, Poland, Bangladesh.
What % of Londoners are from Black, Asian or minority ethnic group?
36%
What % of London is green space? What does this make London?
47% - making London the greenest city in the world
How many parks in London hold Green Flag awards?
223
How many royal parks does London have? Give an example:
London has 8 royal parks eg Hyde Park
How many immigrants are there now in the UK?
8 million.
Roughly how many immigrants are from the EU?
Just under half.
How many immigrants from the EU come here to work?
6 in 10.
How many immigrants not from the EU come here to study?
6 in 10
Some believe immigrants are taking jobs from British workers, but how are they also creating jobs?
By setting up their own businesses and spending the money they earn.
Overall, what do immigrants do for the economy?
They make a larger, more diverse and more productive economy.
How many more people are in work now compared to 2010?
How many of these are immigrants or British?
2 million more.
Half are immigrants, half are British.
Why are some people concerned about immigrants affecting schools?
They think there might not be enough spaces for British kids.
How do immigrant children do in school?
Research has shows that children who speak another. language do well.
What % of doctors in the UK are born outside of the UK?
26%
How many immigrants claim out of work benefits? What is this compared to British people?
Only 1 in 20 claim out of work benefits. This is half the rate of British people.
What % of the UK’s immigrants live in London?
40%
How much positive net contribution does London contribute to public finances?
£34 billion
What year did the Windrush generation arrive in Britain?
1948
What kind of things did the Windrush generation experience once they arrived in Britain?
-Racism and discrimination
-Found it hard to get homes
-Couldn’t make friends with the British
-Many of their children were bullied in school
-There were racial attacks
When were the London Riots?
2011.
What were the London riots about?
People demanded information about the the death of Mark Duggan, a black man from Tottenham who had been shot by police on August 4th.
How many people took to the streets in the London Riots?
15,000
How many people lost their lives in the London riots?
5
How many police were injured from the London riots?
Hundreds
What caused the London Riots?
-Groups had been marginated
-Socio-economic disadvantage
-Disproportionality in racial stop and search
What kind of cultural diversity in Britain is increasing?
-Chines culture/celebrations
-Diversity is becoming more complex
What are some challenges of London’s cultural mix?
-Discrimination
-Education
-Language barriers
-Xenophobia
What are some advantages of London’s cultural mix?
-Enriched cultural life
-New foods
-New music
-New traditions
-Exposure and awareness to different beliefs and religions
Name 8 places of recreation or entertainment in London:
-Westfield shopping centre
-The Shard
-The Olympic Stadium
-The British Museum
-London Eye
-London Theatre
-West end
-London art gallery
What is an integrated transport system?
A multi-model transport system where different types of transport are linked with each other, making transport quicker and more efficient.
Give a specific detail about London having an integrated transport system:
Crossrail is a new, east-west rail route across London that opened in 2018, linking Sheffield and Abbey Wood in the East with Reading and Heathrow in the West. It tunnels under city centre, reducing journey times and increasing the number of passengers that travel like this.
What is social deprivation?
The degree to which a person or a community lacks the things essential for a decent life, including money, housing and services.
What is the relationship between deprivation and life expectancy?
The more deprived a person is, the lower the life expectancy is.
What is the male life expectancy in Kensington and Chelsea compared to Newham?
83.7 in Kensington and Chelsea, 75.7 in Newham.
What is the female life expectancy in Kensington and Chelsea compared to Newham?
87.8 in Kensington and Chelsea, 79.8 in Newham.
What is the % of unemployment in Kensington and Chelsea compared to Newham?
3.9% in Kensington and Chelsea, 9.4% in Newham.
What is the % of pupils achieving 5+ good GCSE grades in Kensington and Chelsea compared to Newham.
80% in Kensington and Chelsea, 62% in Newham.
Define urban sprawl:
The growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside.
Define Commuter Settlements:
Commuter Settlements are places where people live and travel elsewhere for work.
Define Green Belt:
Green Belt refers to open space around cities on which there are strict planning controls to prevent urban development in the countryside, and further building development is not allowed.
Name 3 local (ish) areas in which urban sprawl has taken place:
-Brixton
-Camden
-Lambeth
Give 2 environmental advantages of building on brownfield sites:
-Reduces the need for urban sprawl
-Public transport is better in urban areas, so less cars needed
Give a social advantage of building on brownfield sites:
New development can improve the urban environment.
Why are there more brownfield sites available?
With the decline of industry.
Give a social disadvantage of building on brownfield sites:
Old buildings may need to be demolished first which could cause noice and pollution.
Give an environmental disadvantage of building on brownfield sites:
Ground may have to be decontaminated.
Give an economic disadvantage of building on brownfield sites:
Land is more expensive in urban areas.
Give 4 environmental disadvantages of building on greenfield sites:
-Public transport is worse in urban areas, so more need for cars
-Increased urban sprawl
-Once land is built on, it’s unlikely it will turn back into countryside
-Natural habitats destroyed
Give an economic advantage of building on greenfield sites:
-Land is cheaper in rural areas
Give an environmental advantage of building on greenfield sites:
-No demolition or decontamination needed
How many people use the Dockland Light Railway every year?
110 million people.
How does the London underground help with traffic congestion?
It takes 3 million passengers off the road every day
What is the new transport line Crossrail?
A new underground line to increase rail capacity in London by 10%
