Urbanisation Flashcards
What are the urbanisation case studies
London and Mumbai
Define urbanisation
Increase in the percentage of people living in towns and cities in comparison with the countryside
In the past, where did more people live
In rural areas
When was the amount of people living in urban and rural equal
2006
Who announced that urban and rural population was equal and how many people was it?
The UN, and 3.26 billion
Now, where do most people live?
Urban
What is a megacity
A city with a population of over 10,000,000 people
Where are the highest rates of urbanisation
In poorer, low-income countries (LICS)
In LICS, what is the rate of rural-urban migration
High
What is also high in LICS
Natural increase
What is population growth
The difference between birth and death rate
What is it called when the birth rate is lower than the death rate
Natural decrease
In what continent are the most mega cities
Asia
What is a reason that most mega cities are in Asia
Asia is where over half the worlds population lives
Why is location a pull factor for urbanisation
Many cities are built on rivers, coasts and other busy transport routes. This means trade can thrive.
Why is economic development a pull factor for urbanisation
Economic growth creates jobs, which attracts people
Name some more pull features linked to urbanisation
Better health care, lower death rates and higher life expectancy
What percentage of people in the U.K. live in cities
82%
Describe Londons location
London is located in the south east of England, on the river Thames.
London is one of the world most important what?
Financial centres, along with New York
What does London contain
The headquarters of many large international companies
London is a national and international centre for:
Media and communication networks
Education, research
Legal and medical facilities
Culture, entertainment and tourism
What main transport route runs around London
M25
What city is the most ethically diverse in the U.K.
London
What percentage of Londons population is not white uk?
55%
Name a case study for urban regeneration
The Olympic legacy project
What had to happen to land for it to be built on for the OLP
It had to be decontaminated from previous industry and electrical pylons had to be removed to improve appearance and bridges had to be built
Why was the London bid successful for the Olympics
Large area of land available, good transport connections, diverse area and promise to improve east London
What had to be removed for the Olympics
Old factories, derelict and overgrown sites, container soil and eyesores
What took the place of removed sites
New sport venues, tourist attractions, clean soil and waterways, new residential community
How much money did London spend on the game
£9.3 billion
What are the key areas in London
Finance, fashion, media, national security, tourism, politics
Define segregation
The separation of a group of people or individuals due to different characteristics
Where is the majority of non-white population in London
North of the river Thames, in places such as Harrow
Where is there a large population of white people in London
In the south, including Havering
Name 5 opportunities of London
Diversity, recreation and entertainment, employment, urban greening and integrated transport systems
Name 4 challenges of London
Social deprivation, shortage of homes, air pollution and urban sustainability
Why is transport an opportunity of London
Lots of airports, underground, buses, Oyster cards and bikes
Why is urban greening an opportunity of London
Rooftop spaces, parks, open water
What is urban greening
A project to increase green space
Why is diversity a opportunity of London
Enriches cultural life, positive exposure to other religions, shows citizens that London is tolerant
Why is diversity also a challenge
It can cause language barriers, and create ghettos
Why is recreation an opportunity of London
West End, olympics, parliament, royal family
What is social deprivation
The difference between the rich and the poor
Name a wealthy borough
Kensington
Name a poor borough
Newham
What are the two solutions for shortage of affordable homes
To build on brownfield sites or greenfield sites
Why can’t we build on brownfield sites
There are listed buildings, contaminated sites, industrial areas
Name 4 reasons why BedZED is sustainable
1) wind cowls on top of buildings - brings in clean and warm air without gas needed to heat it, also includes a heat multiplier. Solar panels on roof to charge batteries, fruit and veg grown on roofs too.
2) water treatment plant- makes grey water which is for washing etc, recycles water and recycling rubbish is not an option it’s mandatory
3) 12 inches of insulation, double the normal to prevent heat loss
4) charging and parking for electric cars only, cycle routes to encourage walking/biking. Community create groups to improve quality of life
What are the 3 things needed to be sustainable
Social, environment and economic
