Places In The Uk,Rivers And Floods Flashcards
What’s are the highest land points?
Snowdonia, Brecon Beacons and Exmoor
What are the lowest lowlands?
Central lowlands, Norfolk fens and Somerset levels
What are the main rivers?
Thames, Severn and Tyne
What does interception mean?
When the trees and plants suck up excess water
What comes with interception?
Evapotranspiration, when the trees let out water vapour through the stomata.
What’s infiltration?
When water gets absorbed by the ground.
What’s percolation?
When water gets filtered by aerated soil due to gravity.
What’s through flow?
Water flowing horizontally through the soil into the river
What’s groundwater flow?
Water flowing horizontally through rock into a river.
What’s drainage basin?
An area from which a river gets its water
What’s a watershed
The boundary lined by an imaginary line of highland
What’s a long profile?
The course of a river from its mouth to source
What’s abrasion?
When bedload rub against each other creating sediment
What’s traction?
Largest material load are rolled along the river bed. Upper course
What’s saltation?
Smaller stones are bounced along the river bed. Upper and middle
How are the sides of v-shaped valleys worn away?
By freezethaw and biological weathering.
What’s an interlocking spur?
Bits of rock sticking out of the valley that the river has to wind around as they are too hard to erode
What’s splash back?
When a waterfalls water splashes the underneath of the slope, creating an undercut.
How does the river get more water?
Tributaries join
How do meanders start to form?
The river has more energy therefore it starts to meander which causes lateral erosion
What’s a slip off slope made up of?
Alluvium
What’s the fastest flow called?
Thalweg
How are floodplains and levees linked?
They are created by repeated flooding of a river. Also they are co-dependant, meaning they are caused by each other
What’s discharge?
The amount of water passing a given point in a river at any moment in time. It’s measured in cumecs
What’s the formula for river discharge?
RD= cross sectional area x rivers average velocity
What’s a lag time?
Time between peak flow and peak rainfall
How are flood likely rivers shown on a graph?
Short lag time and high peak discharge
What’s are rivers called when they respond rapidly to rainfall?
Flashy
What factors affect rainfall?
Weather, deforestation, relief and rock type
What’s relief?
How the land changes in terms of height
What’s hard engineering?
Expensive, quality, reliable flood management
What’s soft engineering ?
Less intrusive, cheaper, more sustainable
Types of hard engineering
Dams, embankments
Types of soft engineering
Afforestation, warning system
What are some of the ways York adapts to flooding?
There is complex geography so hard engineering is used, such as the Clifton ings which can store 2.3 mil cubic meters of water and lowered peak flood levels by 150 millilitres
