Development Flashcards
Define development
A countries use of resources, natural and human, to achieve higher standards of living
What was development once solely based on
Economic factors
What does development now encompass
Social measures such as freedom
What is the development gap
The difference between more developed and less developed countries
What would it make the planet become if the development gap was reduced
More equal
What is happening to the development gap
It is expanding. Developed countries are getting richer and less developed countries are staying stationary
What measures development
Key development indicators
What two categories are KDIs broken up into
Economic and social
Name 6 social KDIs
Life expectancy, literacy rate, infant mortality, death rate, birth rate and human development index
Name an economic KDI
GNI per head
What is the human development index made up of
GNI index, Life expectancy and Education Index
What is HDI measured between
0 and 1, with 1 being more developed
What is the demographic transition model
A special model to show how the population changes as countries become more developed
What is a population pyramid
A type of bad graph used to show the age and gender structure of a country
Name 9 causes of under development
Colonialism Slavery Debt Lack of fair trade Disease Lack of education Conflict Climate Natural disasters
What was colonialism
The idea to gain superiority by accessing raw materials and labour
What is fair trade
Paying fair money for crops, and an extra 15% goes to community work for development
What is political corruption
Personal gain instead of being in the country’s best interests
What leads to corruption
LICS and NEES becoming rich very quickly and spending it greedily or on unneeded things
What can corruption cause
Civil wars
What is the Gini coefficient
It shows us how developed a country is depending on who has control of the money
What is the gini coefficient measured between
0 and 1, 1 being a dictatorship
Name 3 types of aid
Bilateral, multilateral and voluntary
Define bilateral aid
Money or resources from a rich to a poor country but with conditions
Define multilateral aid
Rich countries give money to organisations such as the world bank who then distribute it
Define voluntary aid
Donated to charities by the public and then given to poorer countries
What is migration
The movement of people from one place to another
What is emigration
Leaving a country
What is immigration
Entering a country
Describe Nigeria’s position on the planet
Coastal, with river niger flowing through. Tropical country with many countries bordering it
Why is Nigeria in a central position for trading
It has the America’s on the right side and can send produce to Europe
When was Nigeria he world 21st biggest economy
2014
What percentage of the worlds oil does it supply
2.7%
What is very big in Nigeria
Media
What are some problems with Nigeria
Corruption, poor infrastructure and power cuts
How many people live in Nigeria
184 million
How can manufacturing stimulate the economy
Local firms provide refinery’s with components, locals earn more money from jobs, locals spend more money in local businesses, government up taxes, government spend the money on improving infrastructure which brings in more TNCs
What is a trans national corporation
A company that has operations in more than one country
Name 5 positives of tncs
Employment, brings money, education, better infrastructure and investment
Name 5 negatives of TNCs
Exploitation, cheap laws, environment destroyed, well payed jobs already taken, bad pay
What is dirty oil
Selling stolen oil on the black market
How do they fuel the refines in illegal refineries
Using waste products from previous refines
What was the amnesty programme
A programme put in place to help those in poverty
Where are the illegal refineries ran
On the delta
What do the military do when they find the illegal refineries
Destroy and burn everything, which causes unnecessary amounts of pollution
How many barrels of oil were made a day when the amnesty programme was in place
2.5 million
How many barrels of oil were made without the amnesty in place
1.85 million a day
Name a rebel group
Niger Delta Avengers
What do the Niger delta avengers do
Cause problems as they believe their future isn’t in oil
What are loans
Sums of money that at some time in the future have to be paid back with interest
What is aid
Gifts of money, goods, food, machinery technology or trained workers. The aim is to raise the standards of living
If a country needs funds for development projects what do they do
They can borrow money from other countries, world financial organisation or international banks
