Urbanisation Flashcards
what is urbanisation?
this is an increase in the amount of people living in urban areas (towns and cities)
where is urbanisation happening?
LICs and NEEs rates are higher, due to the economic growth
what are the causes of urbanisation?
rural-urban migration
examples of push factors
-natural disasters
-war and conflict
-drought
-cost of living
-lack of employment
examples of pull factors
-more jobs
better education & healthcare
-increased quality of life
following family members
natural increase
when the birth rate is higher than the death rate
what causes an increase in birth rate?
-high fertility rate
-lack of contraception of education
what causes low death rate
-better living conditions and diet
-improved medical facilities
megacity
an urban area with over 10 million people living there
where are the mega cities located?
NEEs - Brazil
LICs - Nigeria
ways to conserve water
-collecting rainwater for gardens and flushing toilets
-installing water meters and toilets that flush less water
-educating people on using less water
ways to conserve energy
-promoting renewable energy sources
-making homes more energy efficient
-encouraging people to use energy
reasons to create green spaces
-provide natural cooler areas for people to relax in
-encourages people to exercise
-reduces the risk of flooding from surface runoff
ways to recycle waste
-collection of household waste
-more local recycling facilities
-greater awareness of the benefits in recycling
sustainable urban living example
Curitiba
Curitiba sustainable strategies
-recycling since 1980
-green exchange where urban poor swap waste for food
-open space due to charge to build upwards, control flooding and used for sport
integrated transport system
different forms of public and private transport within a city and the surrounding area
brownfield site
area of land that has been previously build on (now derelict)
environmental problems - traffic management
traffic increases air pollution - climate change
economic problems - traffic managements
congestion makes people late for work - losing money
social problems - traffic managements
greater risk of accidents - health issues
examples of congestion solutions
-widen roads - traffic flow better
-park and ride - reduce car use
-congestion charges - discourages diving
greenbelt area
a zone of land surrounding a city where new building is strictly controlled to try to prevent cities growing too much and too fast
urban regeneration
the investment in the revival of old, urban areas by either improving what is there or clearing it away and rebuilding
