Hazards Flashcards
The earth’s crust is broken into pieces, like the shell of an egg. What are these pieces called?
Plates
What is the outermost layer of the earths called?
The crust
Which factor affecting hazard risk does this explanation match?
“In poorer parts of the world people are forced to live in hight risk areas because they can’t afford to live elsewhere”
Poverty
A solid part of earth, and also the hottest part is the…
Inner core
Heat from the earth’s core creates convection currents is the mantle. True or false
True
The movement of the plates is caused by…
Convection currents
The edges of the plates are called plate boundaries. True or false
True
What is a natural hazard?
An extreme natural event that threatens people or has the potential to cause damage, destruction and death
The point underground where an earthquake begins is the…
Focus
What is an example of a primary effect?
Deaths and injury
The uk is on the Eurasian plate. True or false
True
Finish the sentence.
At a destructive plate margin there will be…
Large earthquakes and volcanoes
The epicentre is…
The point on the ground nearest to where the earthquake occurred
How many layers does the earth have?
4
Describe a constructive plate margin
Plates are moving away from each other
Give an example of a tectonic hazard?
Volcanic eruption
What do the 3 Ps stand fro o help reduce the impacts of earthquakes…
Protect, predict, prepare
What is the layer beneath the crust called?
The mantle
Hazard
Any threat or danger to humans or the environment
Natural events
Event that poses no threat to property or through a loss of life
Risk factor
Anything that may affect the damage or danger that natural hazards can cause
Continental crust
Older, lighter and permanent
Oceanic crust
Younger, heavier, constantly being destroyed and replaced
Plate
A big piece of the earths crust. There are 7 of them
Plate boundary
Where two plate meet
Seismometer
An instrument that responds to ground noises and shaking such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and explosions
Where is the earthquake case study? (2011)
Christchurch, New Zealand
When was the Christchurch earthquake?
22 February 2011, 12:51 pm
What was the magnitude of the Christchurch earthquake?
6.3
How many people died in the Christchurch earthquake?
185 people
How many people were injured in the Christchurch earthquake?
164 people
What cause the Christchurch earthquake?
A conservative plate boundary
How many building were damaged in the Christchurch earthquake?
100,000 buildings damaged
Examples of short term responses to Christchurch earthquake
- hospitals treating victims
- bottled water provided
Examples of long term responses to Christchurch earthquake
- Satellite imagery restored
- NZ $6.7 million donated to the red crossed appeal
Where is the earthquake case study? (2010)
Haiti, Dominican Republic
When was the Haiti earthquake?
Tuesday 12th January 2010
What causes the Haiti earthquake?
Conservative plate boundary
What was the magnitude of the Haiti earthquake?
7
Examples of short term responses to Haiti earthquake?
- 115,000 tents
- 810,000 people placed in aid camps
Examples of long term responses to Haiti earthquake?
- $100 million in aid given by USA
- temporary schools created
what is the HIC tectonic hazard case study?
Christchurch earthquake 2011
what is the LIC tectonic hazard case study?
Nepal earthquake 2015
what is the tropical storm case study?
Typhoon Haiyan 2013
where did Typhoon Haiyan originate?
in the north west pacific
how fast did Typhoon Haiyan reached?
195 mph
3 primary effects for Typhoon Haiyan
-6500 people killed
-30,000 fishing boats destroyed
-power lines destroyed
3 secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan
-14 million people affected
-6 million lost their source of income
-flooding caused landslides, blocked roads
3 short term responses of Typhoon Haiyan
-USA sent $90 million
-Japan sent rescue teams
-Interpol sent detectives to identify bodies
3 long term responses of Typhoon Haiyan
-“cash for work” programmes were set up - paid to clear debris
-thousands of new homes built
-cyclone shelters have been built in coastal areas
what is the extreme weather event case study?
Beast from the East 2018
when was Beast from the East?
February 28th to March 2nd - 2018
what was the lowest temperature during Beast from the East?
-10oc
what was the highest wind speed during Beast from the East?
70 mph
3 primary effects from Beast from the East
-15-20cm of snow fell over the course of 3 days
-waves battered the coastlines
-crops damaged
3 secondary effects from Beast from the East
-NHS cancelled all non-urgent operations and clinics
-trains stranded on tracks overnight in Dorset
-schools closed for up to 3 days
3 short term responses form Beast from the East
-armed forces deployed to rescue drivers and drive NHS workers to work
-Greggs delivery drivers hand out cakes to stranded drivers
-community centres open for homeless people to shelter
long term responses from Beast from the East
-not alot, since it was rare and prep were limited
-met office reviewed effectiveness of their warnings
