Rivers Flashcards
Drainage basin
An area of land which is drained by rivers and its tributaries
Confluence
The point where two river join
Flood plain
Land that flood when a river overflows
Characteristics of the upper course
Narrow channel
Shallow channel
Steep sides
V shaped valley
Steep gradient
What does the long profile show?
How a rivers gradient changes as it flows from its source to its mouth
Characteristics of the middle course
Wide channel
Deep channels
Medium gradient
Gently sloping sides
What does the crooks profile show?
The shoes of the river channel
Characteristics of the lower course
Very wide channel
Deeper channel
Gentle gradient
Almost flat valley
Abrasion
Rocks carried along by the river wears down the river bed and bank. The load works like sand paper
Attrition
Rocks being transported by the river smash together and break into smaller, rounded as smoother pieces
Hydraulic action
The force of the river against the banks can course air to be trappped in cracks and crevices. This causes the bed to weaken and wear down
Soloution
Soulable particals and minerals are dissolved into the river
Interlocking spurs
When a river meanders through solf rock because it can get through the hard rock
Gorge
A narrow , steep sided valley with bare rocky walls, where a waterfall once was
what is the river valley case study?
river tees
what is the flood management scheme case study?
Jubilee flood relief channel
where is the river tees located?
flows through northern England, flows towards the north sea
what is a key feature within the river tees?
the upper course flows through the Pennines and includes the UK’s largest waterfall
what is management of the river tees?
straightening of the river occurred near Stockton to speed up navigation along the river Tees
Towards the mouth of the north sea. How many properties could be at risk?
over 1000
how long is the river tees?
85 miles
where does the jubilee river scheme protect?
Tewkesbury
where is the Jubilee river scheme?
south east of England
who funded the jubilee river scheme?
the environmental agency
2 reasons to protect Tewkesbury
the town sits at the confluence of the river Avon
recent urbanisation, has increases amount of impermeable services caused heightened flood risk
2 protection methods for jubilee river scheme
flood wall and gates installed in Upton on Severn to prevent the river flooding
total of £800000 spent on flood management since 2007 floods
what is a social advantage created through the jubilee river scheme?
protects properties from being damaged
what is a social disadvantage created through the jubilee river scheme?
very dangerous to cross
what is an economic advantage created through the jubilee river scheme?
without it, small businesses would loss money if they cant open
what is an economic disadvantage created through the jubilee river scheme?
it is the most expensive flood scheme in the UK
what is an environmental advantage created through the jubilee river scheme?
fields aren’t disturbed
what is a disadvantage created through the jubilee river scheme?
it is very ugly
