urbanisation

Question 1

what is urbanisation

Answer 1

increasing proportion of a countries population living in urban areas

Question 2

what is the change and the current trend

Answer 2

1950 - 750million
2014 - 3.9billion

most = n.america, s.america, europe
least = africa
fastest = asia

HIC slower rate as trend to move to low density housing aided by increased affluence and commuting ability

Question 3

why does urbanisation happen

Answer 3

natural population growth
- cities have young population due to good jobs and education services so of fertile age
- young families also choose to stay in city for close services
- Nappy Valley clapham

rural to urban migration
push = bad crops, disease, natural disaster, war
pull = better paid jobs, better services, perceived better QofL

Question 4

what are the 5 consequences of urbanisation

Answer 4

urban sprawl
lack of housing
unaffordable housing
lack of urban services
transport issues

Question 5

what is urban sprawl

Answer 5

spread of an urban area to surrounding countryside

• needs more roads and infrastructure
• less economically efficient than high density
• more commuting so more congestion and pollution
• more impermeable surfaces so more runoff and floods so poorer quality and less can enter groundwater so less quantity

Question 6

consequence of shortage of houses

Answer 6

leads to informal settlements becoming established

• 25% of worlds population
• poor access to water, electricity and sanitation
• 2014 east asia 250million slum dwellers

upgrade programme partnership LOCAL NGO + DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION to help dweller rights and provide basic services

Question 7

lack of affordable housing

Answer 7

in HIC prices are not affordable for the average person
- in London between 2010 + 2019 prices rose by 70%
- due to gentrification and wealthy foreign investors pushing house prices up
- local people are priced out of the area and young local people struggle to get on the property ladder

Question 8

lack of urban services

Answer 8

LIC has financial restraints which makes provision of services and maintenance of infrastructure difficult

leads to
-congestion
- flooding
- disease

2015 5% of piped water reached informal settlements in 42 Indian towns

waste remove is a struggle so it gets left in streets or are left in overfilled landfill sites
- some places refuse is economic opportunity as they can recycle waster and use it to make new products and sell them or for personal use

Question 9

transport issues

Answer 9

more people
more traffic
more congestion
more pollution and billions wasted in lost productivity

more commuters so rush hour aswell