economic and social issues in urban areas Flashcards
what is economic inequality
difference between levels of living standards, income across a population
what is social segregation
when groups of people live apart from larger population due to factors such as wealth and ethnicity or religion
why does social segregation split concentration wealthy and poorer
housing
changing environment
ethnic dimension
how does housing cause social segregation
housing built with purpose of particular market
wealthier can choose where they live as they can afford the premium prices away from low income areas
poorer groups can have less choice with a less pleasing environment and poorer quality services
how does changing environment cause social seg
gentrification is causes improvement of environment but raises prices and can force lower income out and wealthy move in as value increases
victorian time used to build big houses for families but now too big for avg family so transformed to multiple occupation inhabited by students or lower income people
how does ethnic dimension impact social seg
ethnic group arrives to country may experience discrimination in job markets and could be unemployed or under paid
can only buy cheap homes
so newly arrived congregate in low income areas forming multicultural areas or ethnic clustering
persist into later generations
what is urban social exclusion
issues people in areas of multiple deprivation face
excluded from fully participating in society
no good job
as poor education
no decent hosuing
poor health
lack social cohesion
general issues
access to:
job
education
healthcare
water
sanitation
housing
overcrowded housing
no infrastructure
cycle poverty
tackling poverty and inquality
redistributive tax but local effects of. this unclear
living wage
provision school
affordable housing
public transport provision help access to services
why greater cultural diversity and in cities
globalisation more movement people
-better employment
-city first point entry
-established cultural diversity greater specialist
-urban pop more tolerant
southampton 10% polish so lots polish sops
benefit cultural diversity
more exposure to:
food
music
language
religion
nottinghill carnival
issue cultural diversity
strain services
language barrier
ethnic communities isolated from wider community by maintaining beliefs and language
-schools dominated with group
self segregation
migrants seek security in living near relatives
specialist services
maintain language and culture
white flight
source cheap labour so forced to areas cheaper housing
less access local authority housing
less success in mortgagee
tackling ethnic segregation
policy of interculturalism for exchange ideas, mutual interest, community engagement
anti racism legislation
employment rights
politcal involvement form different cultural groups encourage integration and representation for the under represented
