urban processes Flashcards
what is suburbanisation
movement of people from inner city areas to outer city areas aided by good public transport for commuters
how has suburbs developed
30s - ribbon developments along main roads
40s - green belt
50s - council based developments
70s - move to private developments
why does suburbanisation happen
want quieter and less congested area
benefits such as woodland or golf courses
consequences of suburbanisation
urban sprawl…
social segregation as wealthy move out and poorer in inner city leading to social issues
diversion of funds from inner city due to needs for infrastructure and also movement of people
what is counter urbanistion
movement from large urban areas to smaller or rural area
(not to do with suburbs)
why does counter urb happen
seek rural idyll
quiet, unpolluted and clean
escape crime and pollution
helped by more car ownership for commuters and affluence to afford the commute
impacts of counter urbanisation
- more modern estates are built and old traditional farm buildings are sold due by farmers to make money and they are renovated into homes
- house prices increase pricing locals out
- increased congestion in new area
- newcomers may still use services in urban area meaning many post offices, bus services etc have to shut
evidence for counter urb
increased house prices
more use of commuter rai services
what is urban resurgence
structural and economic regeneration of an area previously in decline
area was in decline typically due to deindustrialisation
how is urban resurgence acheived
investments in financial and buisness sector
attract skilled workers and uni students
convert factories to homes or commercial buildings
government led but private companies can attract further investors
sporting events help
city living is viewed as attractive again as no commute and facilities close
impacts urban resurgence
increased pressure on services and infrastructure
young families stay so still demand for services which is good for the urban economy
house prices rise displacing people
what is deindustrialisation and how did it happen
the decline of the manufacturing industry often to do with the shift to the tertiary sector
mechanisation = cheaper to use machines
competition from abroad
reduced demand for traditional products
demand for tertiary services by wealthy lead to rise service
why was deindustrialisation so bad
industrial revolution meant thousands of people were employed in the industry
this meant thousands become unemployed leading to associated social issues
what happened after deindustrialisation
rise of service economy
tertiary = finance education healthcare
quaternary = research and knowledge
impact of deindustrialisation
economic
- loss jobs hence less disposable income
- less taxes so decline of services
- lowered property values
social
- unemployment
- crime
- deprivation
environmental
- derelict land
- infrastructure deteriorate
- less noise pollution etc
