land use + new urban landscapes Flashcards
what is urban morphology
spatial structure and organisation of urban area
what is main factor impacting land use in HIC
land value
why has urban morphology changed
used to be based on topography of land (releif and drainage)
industrial era by rivers
flat land easier build but may get flooded
improve tech allow greater range so urban form influenced by human factors
where is land value highest
peak land value intersection
centre of city typically
taken up by large retailers due to high rent eg m+s
how does land values change
prices decline with distance-decay theory
other retailers occupy CBD
some forced further to edge CBD due to costs
land value from CBD to suburb
fall significantly
bid rent theory
what are secondary land value peaks
areas commonly around ring road with a peak land value
due to out of town shopping centres
also traffic and lack space centre led to movement out centre
edge town settlements grew raising prices
what are the changes in city centre
90s decentralisation
due to congestion/crime/filth
need to rebrand to reverse decline
what is town centre mixed development
encourage functions not retail to increase attraction
- leisure facilities of varying prices to attract diff people
- more spaces like plazas for activities
- nightlife
- flagship attractions
-offices hotels etc raise CBD status
-redevelopment homes encourage city living again
what is gentrification
buy and renovate houses when prices lower than ‘real’ value by wealthy individuals who then sell to make profit
example mixed town centre
gunwharf quays
how does commuting impact gentrification
commuting expensive and annoying
centre eliminates this
what is cultural and heratige quarter
for urban regeneration
cultural production or consumption eg galleries ot products
history of area around local industry
builds good rep
tourists
boost economy
what is rent gap
property val below real
attractive to buy for property development
renovate
profit
how does composition household impact gentrification
more single or 2 person houses
see benefit city living
benefits gentrification
more tax more investment
physical environment improved
more employment opps is rennovation
rise in affluence
pioneer image impact gentrify
artists etc want to live edgy neighbourhood with cultural opportunities
cost gentrification
locals forced out by high rent
congestion
friction between locals and gentrifiers
how have council helped gentrification
liverpool sold homes for £1 in 2013
what is fortress landscape
landscape designed around security and exclusion
to reduce crime
features fortress landscape
cctv
fences
street lights
speed bumps
manchester fortress landscape
no recessed doors
no alleys
no dead ends
to reduce drugs and mugging
criticisims fortess landscapes
exclusionary tactics
anti homeless spikes
sloped bus shelter seats
what are edge cities
how occur
self contained settlement beyond og city boundary
due to urban sprawl
where do edge cities develop
near major road or airport
close to shop
feature edge city
lack structure
wide range ammenities
cost edge city
linked social segregation
wealthy move out inner to edge city
low income in og city centre
what is post modernism
departure conformed and modernist architechture etc
feature PMWC
fragmentation
fortification
fragmentation
globalisation
simulation
beatification
gentrification
privatisation
decentralisation
information
general features PMWC
service and knowledge than industrial
varied architecture
flagship development
ethnic diversity
– socio/economic inequalities
Fragmentation
more ethnically diverse
but social and cultural inequalities and segregation are still common
Globalisation
Shops, services and businesses are global brands rather than local
Simulation
simulate other famous buildings
Beautification
Architecture is more of an expression of art than function.
decorative
linked to the heritage of the city
Privatisation
Cities more privately owned eg public spaces, streets, squares or shopping centres
Information
dominated by service/knowledge economy
many employed in these sectors
global companies commonly located in these cities
Decentralisation
Edge cities are common
movement of population and industry from the urban centre to outlying areas.
