Urban waste and its disposal (Semakau case study) Flashcards

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1
Q

where is Singapore

A

an island off Malaysia

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2
Q

how many tonnes of waste were produced per day in Singapore in 1970

A

1260 tonnes

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3
Q

how many tonnes of waste was produced in Singapore per day in 2015

A

8400 tonnes

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4
Q

in the 1960s and 70s where was most waste sent to

A

landfill sites

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5
Q

when was the waste disposal changed to incineration with energy recovery

A

the late 1970s

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6
Q

when was the first incineration plant created

A

in 1979

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7
Q

how many incineration plants are there now across the city

A

4

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8
Q

how much of Singapore’s energy does the 4 plants provide

A

3%

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9
Q

what is fitted into the incinerators to limit greenhouse gas emissions

A

pollution control systems

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10
Q

how many landfill sites does Singapore now have and what is it called

A

1 - semakau

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11
Q

what does semakau got to prevent the leaching of chemicals into the ground below

A

an impermeable membrane and clay

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12
Q

in 2015 how much of singapores waste was sent to landfill

A

2%– only waste that cannot be recycled or burnt goes to landfill

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13
Q

in 2015 how much waste was incinerated

A

38%

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14
Q

in 2015 how much waste was recycled

A

60% (recycling facilities were built in 2011)

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15
Q

issues with Singapore’s waste system (incinerators)

A

pollution control systems cannot remove all harmful emissions from incinerators and incinerators only last 10 years before they need to be replaced

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16
Q

when is the current landfill site expected to be filled by

A

around 2040