Social and economic issues associated with urbanisation Flashcards
main consequences (categories) of urbanisation
urban sprawl shortage of housing in LICs shortage of affordable housing in HICs lack of urban services and waste disposal unemployment transport issues
what is urban sprawl
the spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside
how does urban sprawl affect infrastructure
urban sprawl requires more roads and infrastructure such as pipes and wires
how can urban sprawl contribute to the urban heat island effect
urban sprawl can increase air pollution since a more car dependent lifestyle leads to increases in fossil fuel consumption and the emissions of greenhouse gases- leading to the UHI effect
how does urban sprawl impact the environment and wildlife
wildlife habitat loss
impermeable surfaces means that rainwater is unable to soak into the ground and replenish groundwater stores
urban sprawl can also lead to…
decentralisation
where do poorer people live when there is a lack of housing
slums on informal land on the edge of the city
in 2013 how many people did the UN estimate were living in slums globally
863 million (but probably over 1 billion due to the lack of census data from slums)
what percentage did average house prices in London rise by from 2010-2015
50%
why did prices in London rise
in-migration, gentrification and the purchasing of property by wealthy foreign investors
push factors (to move to urban areas) are often caused by …
poverty
examples of push factors
agricultural problems (such as desertification)
high levels of local diseases
agriculture is becoming organised globally- many traditional rural communities have been driven off their land into the city
natural disasters
war
examples of pull factors
employment in factories and service industries (better paid)
earning money from the informal sector
better quality social provisions
perceived better quality of life (fed in part by images from the media)
