urban waste Flashcards
what are the three types of waste
-industrial. waste produced in manufacturing industry
-private. waste from homes
-commercial. waste produced from businesses
waste stream
this is the flow of waste from its origin to its eventual disposal
why is there more waste in HICS
they consume more so there is more waste. produce 2 billion tonnes of waste
what is the waste hierachy
1.reduce
2.reuse
3.recycle
4.incineration
5.landfill
how much waste ends up in landfill
37%
how much waste is burnt a year
1 billion tonnes
waste incineration. positives and negatives
waste incineration is the process of burning waste for energy and electricity.
positives: reduces volume of waste by 90%, provides power to 18 million, remaining ash can be used for construction.
negatives: espensive to produce waste plants, emits 54 million tonnes of co2 a year, produces 60% of emissions coal would, diverts funding away from cleaner options
what is open burning
1 billion tonnes of waste are burnt in open spaces, usually in LIC countries which creates huge pollution problems to the global and local envrionment. for example in african countries where there is no other option, people burn waste which creates health issues
how much does waste contribute to global pollution
8-10%
how much is annual waste increasing by and why
7%. due to increasing demand for products due to economic growth and polulation growth
municipial solid waste (MSW)
this is solid waste that consist of everday waste that gets thrown away
how much MSW is produced per person per day
3 billion residents generate 1.2kg per day
urban mining
process of recovering materials and elements from waste which can be re-used and recycled and returns materials to the economy
how does trade affect waste in LICS
toxic waste is usually exported from HIC countries to LIC countries. international laws and trade liberalisation has made is easier to transport waste.
Amsterdam case study
rising economic growth in the netherlands has led to greater production of goods, this has brought about more waste. there is a lack of space for landfill so in 1995 the government introduced a landfill tax on every tonne of material which gave incentive for businesses to find alternative methods.
by 2006 the country reached its 2016 goal to decrease waste landfill.
they produced a W2E plant
what is the afual energie bedrijf plant
a W2E plant in amsterdam which brings in 1.4 million tonnes of waste, 600 trucks of waste are brought in per day.
64% of waste here is recycled and avoids 438 kilotons of co2 per year.
lifestyles and attitudes
HIC countries have a throw away culture, a human society strongly influenced by consumerism. The term describes a critical view of overconsumption and excessive production of short-lived or disposable items over durable goods that can be repaired.
there is lack of knowledge for sustainable methods to reduce waste, for example recycling.
LIC countries
what are the issues of landfill
there is limited space for landfill and increasing envrionmental issues associated with it
copenhagen energy production
there is a W2E plant in copenhagen, 80% of co2 in copenhagen comes from energy production. the w2e plant currently incinerates waste but they may have to import nearer the future.
guiyu china
the fastest growing type of waste is e-waste which produces 50 million tonnes a year. the town of guiyu is known as the worlds largest electronic waste dump sites. there are huge issues in this town where HIC countries ship their waste here to be landfilled.
e waste
a generic term used to describe all types of old, end-of-life or discarded electrical and electronic equipment, such as household appliances
